题目内容
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Who can benefit from business competition？
A．Honest businessmen.
B．Both businessmen and their customers.
C．People with ideals of equality and freedom.
D．Both business institutions and government.
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Examples of public goods are not as rare as one might expect. A flood control dam is a public good. Once the dam is built, all persons living in the area will benefit--irrespective of their own contribution to the construction cost of the dam. The same holds true for highway signs or aids to navigation. Once a lighthouse is built, no ship of any nationality can be effectively excluded from the utilization of the lighthouse for navigational purposes. National defense is another example. Even a person who voted against military expenditures or did not pay any taxes will benefit from the protection afforded.
It is no easy task to determine the social costs and social benefits associated with a public good. There is no practicable way of charging drivers for looking at highway signs, sailors for watching a lighthouse, and citizens for the security provided to them through national defense: Because the market does not provide the necessary signals, economic analysis has to be substituted for the impersonal judgement of the marketplace.
With what topic is the passage mainly concerned？
A．Mechanisms for safer navigation.
B．The economic structure of the marketplace.
C．A specific group of commodities.
D．The advantages of lowering taxes.
The latest finding comes from nutrition and immunology respected: Vitamin E boosts the immune system in older people. In an eight-month study of 88 seniors, the scientists found that those taking at least 200 international units of Vitamin E daily had stronger immune responses than those taking little or none. Alzheimer's disease. Researchers tracked 341 moderately senile patients. Those who popped 2,000 IU of Vitamin E took seven months longer to reach an advanced stage of the disease.
Rangit Kumar Chandra, a Vitamin E researcher at Memorial University of Newfoundland, Canada, says more studies are needed to learn who can benefit most and at what dose. Vitamin E thins the blood, so high doses can cause bleeding in people who also take blood thinning drags, even aspirin. Individuals with serious conditions should consult their doctors. But most people over 65, Chandra says, can take up to 200 IU with no side effects and great benefits.
What's the main idea of the passage？
A．People will be in perfect health if they take Vitamin E every day.
B．Study showed that people who took Vitamin E regained their Flexibility.
C．Vitamin E may help prevent Alzheimer's.
D．Vitamin E offers a range of advantage if old people take proper dose of Vitamin E every day.
Which of the following could probably be the title of the passage？
A．Who Can Benefit from the Fund.
B．Bridging the Gap Between Dreams and Reality.
C．How the United Negro College Fund Operates.
D．Introduction to an Education Support Organization.
Many parents will say no to this demand. But experts say it might be a good idea to let your teens live with a friend or relative.
"It was the break I needed at the time," said Richard Lerner. He is talking about the time he spent living with his grandmother when he was 15.
"It allowed me to be a different person than I was with my parents." Lerner said. He now heads the Institute for Children, Youth and Families at Michigan State University.
Experts say teens living away from their families can test new ways of thinking and getting along with people. They may see new solutions (解答) to problems.
This is different from running away, the experts stress. Runaways are often fleeing serious problems.
Some teens who want some time away from family attend a structured summer program. Others live for a while with a relative or with the family of a friend.
If there is conflict (冲突) at home, having a teen live elsewhere can benefit other family members. It gives everyone space to develop better relationships.
Joseph Kett teaches history at the University of Virginia in Charlottesville. He says living at home until the late teen years has become the norm (准则) only in recent times.
"In the 17th century, children were often sent to live in other people's homes when they were about 10 or 11," he said.
Peter Sheras teaches education at the University of Virginia. He said parents should listen when a child wants to move out. They should try to find out why the child wants some time away.
Often, parents can help the child find a safe place to stay during that time. In other cases, they can meet the child's needs at home.
According to this passage, many parents think it ______ for their children to live away from them.
A．right
B．happy
C．unsafe
D．reasonable
The latest congressional report acknowledges the critical importance of technical training, but also asserts that the study of the humanities (人文科学) and social sciences must remain central components of America’s educational system at all levels. Both areas are critical to producing citizens who can participate effectively in our democratic society, become innovative (创新的) leaders, and benefit from the spiritual enrichment that the reflection on the great ideas of mankind over time provides.
Parents and students who have invested heavily in higher education worry about graduates’ job prospects as technological advances and changes in domestic and global markets transform. professions in ways that reduce wages and cut jobs. Under these circumstances, it’s natural to look for what may appear to be the most “practical” way out of the problem: “Major in a subject designed to get you a job” seems the obvious answer to some, though this ignores the fact that many disciplines in the humanities characterized as “soft” often, in fact, lead to employment and success in the long run. Indeed, according to surveys, employers have expressed a preference for students who have received a broadly-based education that has taught them to write well, think critically, research creatively, and communicate easily.
Moreover, students should be prepared not just for their first job, but for their 4th and 5th jobs, as there’s little reason to doubt that people entering the workforce today will be called upon to play many different roles over the course of their careers. The ones who will do the best in this new environment will be those whose educations have prepared them to be flexible. The ability to draw upon every available tool and insight—picked up from science, arts, and technology—to solve the problems of the future, and take advantage of the opportunities that present themselves, will be helpful to them and the United States.
56. What does the latest congressional report suggest？
A. STEM-related subjects help students find jobs in the information society.
B. The humanities and STEM subjects should be given equal importance.
C. The liberal arts in higher education help enrich students’ spiritual life.
D. Higher education should be adjusted to the practical needs of society.
57. What is the main concern of students when they choose a major？
A. Their interest in relevant subjects.
B. The academic value of the courses.
C. The quality of education to receive.
D. Their chances of getting a good job.
58. What does the author say about the so-called soft subjects？
A. They benefit students in their future life.
B. They broaden students’ range of interests.
C. They improve students’ communication skills.
D. They are essential to students’ healthy growth.
59. What kind of job applicants do employers look for？
A. Those who have a strong sense of responsibility.
B. Those who are good at solving practical problems.
C. Those who are likely to become innovative leaders.
D. Those who have received a well-rounded education.
60. What advice does the author give to college students？
A. Seize opportunities to tap their potential.
B. Try to take a variety of practical courses.
C. Prepare themselves for different job options.
D. Adopt a flexible approach to solving problems.
(1) Life can be tough for immigrants in America. As a Romanian bank clerk in Atlanta puts it, to find a good job “you have to be like a wolf in the forest – able to smell out the best meat.” And if you can’t find work, don’t expect the taxpayer to bail you out. Unlike in some European countries, it is extremely hard for an able-bodied immigrant to live off the state. A law passed in 1996 explicitly bars most immigrants, even those with legal status, from receiving almost any federal benefits. (2) That is one reason why America absorbs immigrants better than any other rich countries, according to a new study by the University of California. The researchers sought to measure the effect of immigration on the native-born in 20 rich countries, taking into account differences in skills between immigrants and natives, imperfect labor markets and the size of the welfare state in each country. (3) Their results offer ammunition for fans of more open borders. In 19 out of 20 countries, the authors calculated that shutting the doors entirely to foreign workers would make the native-born worse off. Never mind what it would do to the immigrants themselves, who benefit far more than anyone else from being allowed to cross borders to find work. (4) The study also suggests that most countries could handle more immigration than they currently allow. In America, a one-percentage point increase in the proportion of immigrants in the population made the native-born 0.05% better off. The opposite was true in some countries with generous or ill-designed welfare states, however. A one-point rise in immigration made the native-born slightly worse off in Austria, Belgium, Germany, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Sweden and Switzerland. In Belgium, immigrants who lose jobs can receive almost two-thirds of their most recent wage in state benefits, which must make the hunt for a new job less urgent. (5) None of these effects was large, but the study undermines the claim that immigrants steal jobs from native or drag down their wages. Many immigrants take jobs that Americans do not want, the study finds. This “smooths” the labor market and ultimately creates more jobs for locals. Native-owned grocery stores do better business because there are immigrants to pick the fruit they sell. Indian computer scientists help American software firms expand. A previous study found that because immigrants typically earn less than locals with similar skills, they boost corporate profits, prompting companies to grow and hire more locals. 1. Increase in immigration in Austria fails to improve locals’ life mainly because of ________.
A、low wages for locals
B、imperfect labor markets
C、the design of the welfare system
D、inadequate skills of immigrants
A.we can benefit from selling our personal data
B.Internet giants should perfect their privacy policies
C.our privacy is the true currency of the Internet
D.privacy campaigners should vote with their clicks
In the second paragraph "a 2009 study…"is used by the critics to______.
A．To indicate the author is against the policy.
B．To emphasize there is no need to ban the students with bad grades to take part in extracurricular activities.
C．To suggest girls can benefit from extracurricular activities.
D．To prove grades have nothing to do with extracurricular activities.
Section B
Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice.
I often hear people say that the lack of women in positions of political leadership is an issue that pales next to world crises-global terrorism, fragile economies, inadequate health care and troubled schools. They see no connection between the frightening situations we're in and the fact that few women sit at the table to determine the solutions.
This fundamental imbalance, with men running the world and women mostly spectators, is not a trivial detail. It is the problem. It is also the one solution we have not tried on and the one most likely to work.
This is not just me talking. Three decades of research in state legislatures, universities, and international public policy centers have proven beyond doubt that women, children, and men all benefit when women are in leadership. Broader social legislation, benefiting everyone, is more likely to pass if women are in office. We know the power of women as peacemakers in the world from scores of stories about their effectiveness at negotiation, from Ireland to Norway to South Africa and beyond.
We can ill afford to use only half our talent, when we know for a fact that today's complicated challenges demand more than one vision. It's time for real and permanent power sharing, for real and permanent change women ruling side by side with men, allowing their voices to rise with different solutions and allowing men to think outside of the masculine box. In this way, we get fresh eyes and fresh solutions from both genders, applied to both old, durable problems and to new, frightening ones.
This is not a call to move power from the fingers of men and turn it all over to women. Together we can create a different world, shifting the burden from male shoulders and allowing the variety of thought and life experience to transform. our actions—perhaps bringing a greater peace, perhaps allowing men to be better fathers, perhaps providing a new pattern for our security.
It's not easy to get there. Those in power rarely let go without a fight, even if they would benefit by doing so. For women to truly gain the leadership roles, we must be insistent and persistent. We must enlist our many male allies. We must let it be known that we are ready to lead, that in fact we demand it as a birthright. If we think creatively, if we use our community resources, if we support women who say they want to lead, if we use our voices and our votes to get there, we will achieve the transformation of power.
What is said about the actuality of the political leadership structure？
A．Men run the world, while the women watch them.
B．Men operate our world, while women help them.
C．There are almost half women political leaders now.
D．Lack of women political leaders is the biggest problem.
