Until recently most historians spoke very critical...

第1题

Until recently most historians spoke very critically of the Industrial Revolution. They 【B

1】 that in the long run industrialization greatly raised the standard of living for the 【B2】 man. But they insisted that its 【B3】 results during the period from 1750 to 1850 were widespread poverty and misery for the 【B4】 of the English population. 【B5】 contrast, they saw in the preceding hundred years from 1650 to 1750, when England was still a 【B6】 agricultural country, a period of great abundance and prosperity.

This view, 【B7】 is generally thought to be wrong. Specialists 【B8】 history and economics, have 【B9】 two things: that the period from 1650 to 1750 was 【B10】 by great poverty, and that industrialization certainly did not worsen and may have actually improved the conditions for the majority of the populace.

【B1】

A．admitted

B．believed

C．claimed

D．predicted

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第2题

Developing countries are unusually vulnerable to cigarette advertising. Until recently, so

me of them sold tobacco only through government monopolies, with little or no attempt at persuasion. And because most of these countries don't have effective anti-smoking campaigns, many of their people are surprisingly innocent of the link between tobacco and disease. In Manila, we even found cigarettes sold at a snack bar operated by the local Boy Scouts.

Many governments, moreover, are reluctant to wage anti-smoking wars because they're addicted to tobacco taxes. Argentina gets 22. 5 percent of all tax revenue from tobacco; Malawi, 16.7 percent.

Into this climate of naivety and neglect, American tobacco companies have unleashed not only the marketing wizardry (魔术) that most of us take for granted, but other tactics they wouldn't dare use here.

Tobacco spokesmen insist that cigarette advertising draws only people who already smoke. But an ad executive, who worked until recently of the Philip Morris account, speaking on condition of anonymity, disagrees. "You don't have to be a brain surgeon to figure out what's going on. Just look at the ads. It's ludicrous (荒唐的) for them to deny that a cartoon character like Joe Camel isn't attractive to kids."

People in developing countries are easily influenced by cigarette advertising because ______.

A．they don't know the relationship between tobacco and disease

B．they have a strong inclination to smoke

C．they have been forbidden to smoke by the governments

D．there were no institutions which persuade them not to smoke

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第3题

Most of us，when we reached our teens，started looking forward to the day when we would occu

py places of our own，far from the confines of our families. We saw this moving away as a chance to strike out on our own，to grow，to spread out wings and experience freedom. At the same time，we regarded this independence as temporary-the thing to do until we found the perfect mate and married. Over the years，many millions of people have made this passage from one family to another，with just a brief，often nervous interval of independence in between. But recently，more and more people have begun to challenge the concept that living together is better than living alone. Being single is now accepted as an alternative lifestyle-one that is natural，rewarding，and complete. In fact，being single has become almost fashionable.

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第4题

There are a couple of big reasons why Microsoft is able to do so much overseas with so lit

tle. Firstly,【21】software products are so easy to manufacture, Gates doesn't have to worry【22】building and operating factories.【23】, Microsoft contracts (承包) out to others to duplicate and package much of its software. Secondly, and just as important, PCs are【24】cheap and easy to set up, unlike minicomputers, that businesses and governments【25】even the poorest and most backward nations can afford【26】. Of course, there are big problems too. Microsoft must adapt (调整) its products to support【27】of different languages and writing schemes, but that's another task it【28】increasingly farming out to local contractors. Also, software, like computers, faces stiff tariffs (关税) in many developing【29】. Until recently, for example, India demanded 112% duties (关税) on imported high-tech【30】.

(36)

A．because

B．however

C．besides

D．therefore

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第5题

Not until recently（）the development of tourist-related activities in the rural areas.

A.they had encourage

B.had they encouraged

C.did they encourage

D.they encourage

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第6题

Not until quite recently __ he gave up his plan to go abroad. A．I knew B．I had known C．d

id I know D．I did know

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第7题

Humanity is a new experiment on planet Earth. For most of its history, life on Earth was r

estricted to the sea. Living things began to populate the land slightly over 400 million years ago. And humans have existed for no more than 3 million years.

One way to represent the evolution of life is to compress the 4. 6-billion-year history of Earth into a 1-year-long film. In such a film, Earth forms as the film begins on January 1, and through all of January and February it cools and is cratered(变成坑状) and the first oceans form. But those oceans remain lifeless until sometime in March or early April, when the first living things develop. The 4-billion-year history of Precambrian (前寒武纪) evolution lasts until the film reaches mid-November, when primitive ocean life begins to evolve into complex organisms such as trilobites(三叶虫).

If we examine the land instead of the oceans, we find a lifeless waste. But once our film shows plant and animal life on the land, about November 28, evolution proceeds rapidly. Dinosaurs, for example, appear on about December 12 and vanish by Christmas Eve, as mammals (哺乳动物) and birds flourish.

Throughout the 1 -year-run of our film there are no humans, and even during the last days of the year as the mammals rise and dominate the landscape, there are no people. On the early evening of December 31, vaguely human forms move through the grasslands, and by late evening they begin making stone tools. The Stone Age lasts until about 11:45 p. m. , and the first signs of civilization, towns and cities, do not appear until 11:54 p. m. The Christian era begins only 14 seconds before the New Year, and the Declaration of Independence is signed with one second to spare.

In comparing all of Earth's geological evolution to one calendar year, the author shows

A．just how recently humanity has arrived on the scene

B．just how simple it is to understand the history of Earth

C．just how early humanity appears on planet Earth

D．just how difficult it is to understand the history of Earth

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第8题

During the twentieth century there has been a great change in the lives of women. A woman

marrying at the end of the nineteenth century would probably have been in her middle twenties, and would be likely to have seven or eight children, of whom four or five lived till they were five years old. By the time the Youngest was fifteen, the mother would have been in her early fifties and would expect to live a further twenty years, during which chance and health made it unusual for them to get paid work. Today women marry younger and have fewer children. Usually a woman' s youngest child will be fifteen when she is forty-five and she can be expected to live another thirty-five years and is likely to take paid work until sixty.

This important change in women' s life has only recently begun to have its full effect on women's economic position. Even a few years ago most girls left school and took a full-time job. However, when they married, they usually left work at once and never returned to it. Today the school-leaving age is sixteen, many girls stay at school after that age, and though women marry younger, more married women stay at work at least until shortly before their first child is born. Very many more afterwards return to full or part-time work. Such changes have led to a new relationship in marriage, with the husband accepting a greater share of the duties and satisfactions of family life.

We are told that in a family about 1900 ______.

A．few children died before they were five

B．seven or eight children lived to be more than five

C．the youngest child would be fifteen

D．four or five children died when they were five

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第9题

Many of the most damaging and life threatening types of weather, such as torrential rains

and severe thunderstorms, begin quickly, strike suddenly, and disappear rapidly, destroying small regions while leaving neighboring areas untouched. Conventional (普通) computer models of the atmosphere have limited value in predicting short-lived local storms because the available weather data are generally not detailed enough to allow computers to see clearly the small atmospheric changes that come before these storms. In most nations, for example, weather-balloon observations are taken just once every twelve hours at location typically separated by hundreds of miles. With such limited data, conventional forecasting models do a much better job predicting general weather conditions over large regions than they do forecasting specific local events.

Until recently, the observation-intensive approach needed for accurate, very short range forecasts, or "nowcasts" , was impracticable. The cost of equipping and operating many thousands of conventional weather stations was extremely high, and the difficulties involved in rapidly collecting and processing the raw weather data from such a network were beyond overcoming. Fortunately, scientific and technological advance have overcome most of these problems. Radar systems, automated weather instruments , and satellites are all capable of making detailed, nearly continuous observations over large regions at a relatively low cost. Communication satellites can transmit data around the world cheaply and immediately, and modern computers can quickly compile and analyze this large volume of weather information. Meteorologists (气象学家) and computer scientists now work together to design computer programs and video equipment capable of transforming raw weather data into words, symbols, and vivid graphic displays that forecasters can interpret easily and quickly. As meteorologists have begun using these new technologies in weather forecasting offices, nowcasting is becoming a reality.

What is the best title of the passage？

A．Severe Thunderstorms and Damages

B．Weather Forecasting and Life-threatening

C．Science Advances and Nowcasts

D．Available Data and Nowcasts

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第10题

Mr. Brown's neighbour at the theatre______.A．did not know the ladies until recentlyB．only

Mr. Brown's neighbour at the theatre______.

A．did not know the ladies until recently

B．only knew some of them all her life

C．had known them since she joined the club

D．had known these ladies for a long time

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Until recently most historians spoke very critically of the Industrial Revolution. They【31