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Developing countries are unusually vulnerable to cigarette advertising. Until recently, so

me of them sold tobacco only through government monopolies, with little or no attempt at persuasion. And because most of these countries don't have effective anti-smoking campaigns, many of their people are surprisingly innocent of the link between tobacco and disease. In Manila, we even found cigarettes sold at a snack bar operated by the local Boy Scouts.

Many governments, moreover, are reluctant to wage anti-smoking wars because they're addicted to tobacco taxes. Argentina gets 22. 5 percent of all tax revenue from tobacco; Malawi, 16.7 percent.

Into this climate of naivety and neglect, American tobacco companies have unleashed not only the marketing wizardry (魔术) that most of us take for granted, but other tactics they wouldn't dare use here.

Tobacco spokesmen insist that cigarette advertising draws only people who already smoke. But an ad executive, who worked until recently of the Philip Morris account, speaking on condition of anonymity, disagrees. "You don't have to be a brain surgeon to figure out what's going on. Just look at the ads. It's ludicrous (荒唐的) for them to deny that a cartoon character like Joe Camel isn't attractive to kids."

People in developing countries are easily influenced by cigarette advertising because ______.

A．they don't know the relationship between tobacco and disease

B．they have a strong inclination to smoke

C．they have been forbidden to smoke by the governments

D．there were no institutions which persuade them not to smoke

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更多“Developing countries are unusu…”相关的问题

第1题

Most developing countries ________ in the Southern Hemisphere.

A.are situated

B.situated

C.situate

D.are situating

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第2题

In developing countries fiber is rapidly replacing microwave and coaxial cable transm

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第3题

The people who are in huts and villages are the poor people in backward developing countries in Africa and Asia.（)

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第4题

We have really got something（）common（）some of the Developing countries。

A.in；for

B.for；with

C.in；with

D.in；to

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第5题

It' s bad policy for developing countries to sacrifice environmental protection to ______

economic growth.

A．discourage

B．wea

C．promote

D．create

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第6题

In terms of industry and economy, a great number of countries _______ as developing

A.are referred to

B.are referred

C.referred to

D.referring to

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第7题

改错：About half of the infant and maternal deaths in developing countries could

About half of the infant and maternal deaths in developing countries could

be avoided if women had used family planning methods to prevent high risk ____1____pregnancies, according to a report publishing recently by the Johns Hopking ____2____University.

The report indicates that 5.6 million infant deaths and 2,000,000 maternal

Deaths could be prevented this year if women chose to have theirs children ____3____within the safest years with adequate intervals among births and limited their ____4____families to moderate size.

This amounts to about half of the 9.8 million infant and 370.000 maternal

deaths in developing countries, excluded China, estimated for this year by ____5____the United Nation’s Children’s Fund and the US Centers for Disease Control respectably. China was excluded because very few births occur in the high ____6____risk categories.

The report says that evidences from around the world shows the risk of ____7____maternal or infant ill and death is the highest in four specific types of ____8_____pregnancy; pregnancies before the mother is 18 year old; those after the ____9____mother is 35 years old; pregnancies after four births; and those lesser than ____10____two years apart.

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第8题

听力原文： [26] At the heart of the dispute is whether food aid to developing countries sho

uld be in the form. of cash or agricultural products, often subsidized by donors. [27] The European Union argues that cash donations are the best way to quickly purchase food in an emergency because food shipments are sometimes sold in local markets at the receiving end. And European countries say flooding markets with cheap imported food drives local farmers out of business. Edward Clay, Senior Research Associate at the Overseas Development Institute in London says the European approach makes food aid more flexible. [28] The United States argues that the European cash-only approach has been ineffective, causing a steep decline in food aid since the 1990s. According to a report published by the World Food Program, food aid contributions suffered a ＄1 billion shortfall last year. In contrast, the U.S. sends donations to developing countries in the form. of com, wheat and other commodities.

The dispute between the European Union and the United States is mainly about

A．whether there is a steep decline in food aid since the 1990s.

B．whether food aid drives local farmers out of the market.

C．whether food aid displaces local products in developing countries.

D．whether food aid should be in the form. of cash or agricultural products.

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第9题

Pursuing free trade through WTO has many attractions. Countries bind themselves and their

trading partners to transparent and non-discriminatory trade rules, which the WTO then enforces even handedly. Since most governments operate on the premise that opening domestic markets is a concession to be traded for access to foreign markets, multilateral liberalization is often the most effective route to free trade.

A successful WTO round requires two big bargains to be struck: a transatlantic deal between America and the EU and a north-south deal between the rich and the poor. Yet at Seattle this year there is a long way to go before such broad bargains can be considered, let alone struck.

America wants a few priority issues to be settled. Its list includes an extension of the duty-free status of e-commerce, a broader IT pact, reform. of the WTO dispute settlements system, increased WTO transparency and the phase out of tariffs in eight sectors including chemicals, energy products and environmental products. The EU on the other hand professes to want a more comprehensive approach that focuses on removing tariff peaks for such imports as textiles, glass and footwear, but would preserve tariff preferences for developing countries.

The biggest obstacle may be the insistence of many developing countries that they will block further liberalization until their gripes over the Uruguay round are addressed They want their obligations in areas such as intellectual property, investor protection, subsidies and anti-dumping to be eased. They argue that the Uruguay round has failed to deliver expected benefits in such areas as agriculture and textiles.

Though by no means a monolithic block, the developing countries share a feeling that whatever the promise of liberalization at the WTO, rich countries will Conspire to keep their markets closed. Indeed, the EU insists that freeing trade should be "controlled, steered and managed according to the concerns of EU citizens". That is in keeping with a view, widespread on the continent, that "a protectionist trade policy is a price readily paid for political objectives".

However great these obstacles are, they could be overcome if America were still leading the drive for freer world trade. With its economy doing well, greater access to foreign markets seems a less pressing priority. The Clinton administration is unwilling to make politically painful concessions required to achieve that aim. So there is a possibility that the Seattle round will turn out to be a fiasco. If that happens, it will encourage the anti-WTO groups to go on the offensive. America, the EU and Japan would increasingly be tempted by managed trade.

The WTO's transparent and non-discriminatory rules require all member countries to ______.

A．exchange domestic markets for foreign markets

B．make concessions in foreign trade

C．adopt the most effective route to free trade

D．enforce trade policies even handedly

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第10题

The relationship between formal education and economic growth in poor countries is widely

misunderstood by economists and politicians alike progress in both area is undoubtedly necessary for the social, political and intellectual development of these and all other societies, however, the conventional view that education should be one of the very highest priorities for promoting rapid economic development in poor countries is wrong. We are fortunate that is it, because new educational systems there and putting enough people through them to improve economic performance would require two or three generations. The findings of a research institution have consistently shown that workers in all countries can be trained on the job to achieve radical higher productivity and, as a result, radically higher standards of living.

Ironically, the first evidence for this idea appeared in the United States. Not long ago, with the country entering a recessing and Japan at its pre-bubble peak. The U. S. workforce was derided as poorly educated and one of primary cause of the poor U. S. economic performance. Japan was, and remains, the global leader in automotive-assembly productivity. Yet the research revealed that the U. S. factories of Honda Nissan, and Toyota achieved about 95 percent of the productivity of their Japanese counterparts a result of the training that U. S. workers received on the job.

More recently, while examing housing construction, the researchers discovered that illiterate, non-English-speaking Mexican workers in Houston, Texas, consistently met best-practice labor productivity standards despite the complexity of the building industry's work.

What is the real relationship between education and economic development？ We have to suspect that continuing economic growth promotes the development of education even when governments don't force it. After ail, that's how education got started. When our ancestors were hunters and gatherers 10, 000 years ago, they didn't have time to wonder much about anything besides finding food. only when humanity began to get its food in a more productive way was there time for other things.

As education improved, humanity's productivity potential, they could in turn afford more education. This increasingly high level of education is probably a necessary, but not a sufficient, condition for the complex political systems required by advanced economic performance. Thus poor countries might not be able to escape their poverty traps without political changes that may be possible only with broader formal education. A lack of formal education, however, doesn't constrain the ability of the developing world's workforce to substantially improve productivity to the forested future. on the contrary, constraints on improving productivity explain why education isn't developing more quickly there than it is.

The author holds in paragraph 1 that the important of education in poor countries ______.

A．is subject groundless doubts

B．has fallen victim of bias

C．is conventional downgraded

D．has been overestimated

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第11题

Today the world's economy is going through two great changes, both bigger

Today the world's economy is going through two great changes, both bigger than an Asian financial crisis here or a European monetary union there.

The first change is that a lot of industrial_67_is moving from the United States, Western Europe and Japan to _68 _countries in Latin America, South-East Asia and Eastern Europe. In 1950, the United States alone _69_ for more than half of the world's economy output. In 1990, its _70_ was down to a quarter. By 1990, 40% of IBM's employees were non-Americans; Whirlpool, America's leading _71_ of domestic appliances, cut its American labor force _72_ 10%. Quite soon now, many big western companies will have more _73_ (and customers) in poor countries than in rich _74_ .

The second great change is _75_, in the rich countries of the OECD, the balance of economic activity is _76_ from manufacturing to _77_. In the United States and Britain, the _78_ of workers in manufacturing has _79_ since 1900 from around 40% to barely half that. _80_ in Germany and Japan, which rebuilt so many _81_after 1945, manufacturing's share of jobs is now below 30%. The effect of the _82 is increased _83_ manufacturing moves from rich countries to the developing ones, _84_ cheap labor _85_ them a sharp advantage in many of the _86_ tasks required by mass production.

67. A. product B. production C. products D. productivity

68. A. other B. small C. capitalistic D. developing

69. A. accounted B. occupied C. played D. shared

70. A. output B. development C. share D. economy

71. A. state B. consumer C. representative D. supplier

72. A. by B. at C. through D. in

73. A. products B. market C. employees D. changes

74. A. one B. ones C. times D. time

75. A. what B. like C. that D. how

76. A. ranging B. varying C. swinging D. getting

77. A. producing B. products C. servicing D. services

78. A. proportion B. number C. quantity D. group

79. A. changed B. gone C. applied D. shrunk

80. A. Furthermore B. Even C. Therefore D. Hence

81. A. armies B. weapons C. factories D. countries

82. A. question B. manufacturing C. shift D. rebuilding

83. A. with B. as C. given D. if

84. A. while B. whose C. who's D. which

85. A. give B. is giving C. gives D. gave

86. A. repetitive B. various C. creative D. enormous

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