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Are you familiar ______the saying, “it’ s not what you know, but who you know” ? In event planning, networking is key!
A.with
B.to
C.in
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A.with
B.to
C.in
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A.familiar
B.new
C.strange
Subject:Reorganisation
Date:12.11.2005
From:Simon Harris
To:Brett
Cc:
Dear Brett,
Welcome back to St.Swithen’s.I look forward to hearing about your adventures in the US.
I’m writing because there have been a lot of changes since you went away, and you need to know about them before you can start work.
The main change is that we have had a new computer system installed.You will need to be trained in using the system before you can see any patients! I’ve arranged for you to have a training session at 10 o’clock on Monday with our IT consultant, Gerry.He’s a really nice guy.
It’s especially important that you can use the patient records system.We’ve had a few teething problems, and it seems complicated at first;but when you get used to it, you’ll find it really helpful.For example, it’s much quicker than the old system.Remember you used to wait ages before the information came up on the screen？ Well, now it’s very quick.
You will also need to be familiar with the appointment booking system, so you can see who your next patient is.The new program makes it impossible to double-book a patient, so we shouldn’t get as many complaints as we used to.
As well as the computer system, we’ve also installed a new electronic security door.You will need a special card from reception and it will need replacing every two months.I’m afraid we made Bill redundant.It’s a shame;I used to enjoy talking to him every morning.
Well, I hope you like the improvements.Most people find that it makes their work easier and faster.There is one downside though;the atmosphere has become less personal.I used to talk to everyone a lot, but now we communicate by email most of the time.I even email people who work in the same room as me!
Well, see you on Monday, Brett.Nice to have you back.
Best wishes,
Simon
1.Brett has just come back from ().
A.Europe
B.England
C.America
D.China
2.Brett will ()on Monday morning.
A.see his next patient
B.have a training session
C.get a special card form. the reception
D.talk to Bill in the morning
3.The main change that has happened since Brett went away is that ().
A.the company has had a new computer system installed
B.the company has installed a new electronic security door
C.the company has imported many new computers
D.the company has dismissed many old staff
4.The new patient records system is better than the old one because().
A.it’s much quicker than the old one
B.you should wait for ages before the information came up on the screen
C.you need not to be familiar with the appointment booking system
D.people need not talk to each other face to face any more
5.The main disadvantage of the new computer system is that ().
A.you need to be very familiar with the booking system
B.the card from the reception will need replacing every months
C.it’s impossible to double-book a patient
D.the atmosphere has become less personal
Culture shock is an occupational disease (职业病) for people who have been suddenly transplanted abroad.
Culture shock is caused by the anxiety that results from losing all familiar signs and symbols of social intercourse. Those signs are as following: How to shake hands and what to say when meeting people, when and how to give tips, how to make purchases, when to accept and refuse invitations, when to take statements seriously and when not. These signs, which may be words, gestures, facial expressions, or customs, are acquired by all of us in the course of growing up and as much a part of our culture as the language we speak or the beliefs we accept. All of us depend on hundreds of these signs for the peace of our mind and day-to-day efficiency, but we do not carry most at the level of conscious awareness.
Now when an individual enters a strange culture, all or most of these familiar signs are removed. No matter how broadminded or full of good will you may be, a series of supports have been knocked from under you, followed by a feeling of frustration. When suffering from culture shock people first reject the environment which causes discomfort. The ways of the host country are bad Because they make us feel bad. When foreigners on a strange land get together to complain about the host country and its people, you can be sure that they are suffering from culture shock.
According to the passage, culture shock is______.
A．an occupational disease of foreign people
B．may lead to very serious symptoms
C．actually not a disease
D．incurable
Shadows are easily explained since we know that light travels in a straight line. We also know that light waves pass through some bodies and not through others.
When light strikes a body and passes through it unchanged, we call such a body or material transparent. Most glass is such a material, especially window glass, and it is for this reason that we do not see the shadow of the window pane which the men are carrying. Do you know of any other transparent materials？ The most common one, with which we are familiar, is air. Another is clear water.
On the other hand, some materials do not let light pass through them at all. They stop the light waves just as you would-catch a ball that was being thrown to someone standing between you. Such materials are called opaque. Men' s bodies, like steel, rock, concrete or even cardboard, are opaque and do not permit the light to pass through. An opaque body casts a shadow.
The title that best expresses the ideas of the passage is ______.
A．Why are there shadows
B．The transparent materials
C．How to cast a shadow
D．Shadows and light waves
1.If a person finds getting up early a problem, most probably _______.
A、he is a lazy person
B、he refuses to follow his own energy cycle
C、he is at his peak in the afternoon or evening
2.Which of the following may lead to family quarrels according to the passage_______.
A、Unawareness of energy cycles.
B、Familiar monologues.
C、A change in a family member’s energy cycle.
D、A change in a family member’s energy cycle.
3.If one wants to work more efficiently at his low point in the morning, he should _____.
A、change his energy cycle
B、overcome his laziness
C、go to bed earlier
4.You are advised to rise with a yawn and stretch because it will ______.
A、help to keep your energy for the day’s work
B、help you to control your temper early in the day
C、enable you to concentrate on your routine work
D、keep your energy cycle under control all day
5.Which of the following statements is NOT TRUE_______.
A、Getting off to work with a minimum effort helps save one’s energy.
B、Dr. Kleitman explains why people reach their peak at different hours of day.
C、Habit helps a person adapt to his own energy cycle.
D、Children have energy cycles, too.
Good music expresses feelings in a way that is suitable to those feelings. There may be joy, sorrow, fear, love, anger, or whatever. Bad music, on the other hand, may confuse unrelated feelings. It may not express any important feeling at all, or it may exaggerate some feelings and make them vulgar, that is, cheap and ugly.
Good music will stand the test of time. It will not go out of fashion but will continue to be enjoyed and respected long after it is first introduced. It will gain a kind of permanent status while bad music will disappear and be forgotten quickly. In pop music, where the general rule seems to be" the newer, the better" , the test of time is the hardest test of all to pass.
A piece of original music ______.
A．has a personal style
B．sounds very familiar to our ears
C．is one whose style. you cannot recognize
D．can not be recognized as belonging to any composer
Meaningfulness affects memory at all levels.Information that does not make any sense to you is difficult to remember.There are several ways in which we can make material more meaningful.Many people, for instance, learn a rhyme to help them remember.Do you know the rhyme "Thirty days has September, April, June, and November..."？ It helps many people remember which months of the year have 30 day s.
Organization also makes a difference in our ability to remember.How useful would a library be if the books were kept in random order？ Material that is organized is better remembered than jumbled information.One example of organization is chunking.C hunking consists of grouping separate bits of information.For example, the number 4671363 is more easily remembered if it is chunked as 467, 13, 63.Categorizing is another means of organization.Suppose you are asked to remember the following list of wor ds: man, bench, dog, desk, woman, horse, child, cat, chair.Many people will group the words into similar categories and remember them as follows: man, woman, child; cat, dog, horse; bench, chair, desk.Needless to say, the second list can be remembered mo re easily than the first one.
Association refers to taking the material we want to remember and relating it to something we remember accurately.In memorizing a number, you might try to associate it with familiar numbers or events.For example, the heigh t of Mount Fuji in Japan -12,389 feet -might be remembered using the following associations: 12 is the number of months in the year, and 389 is the number of days in a year (365) added to the number of months twice (24).
The last principle is visualizati on.Research has shown striking improvements in many types of memory tasks when people are asked to visualize the items to be remembered.In one study, subjects in one group were asked to learn some words using imagery, while the second group used repetiti on to learn the words.Those using imagery remembered 80 to 90 percent of the words, compared with 30 to 40 percent of the words for those who memorized by repetition.Thus forming an integrated image with all the information placed in a single mental pict ure can help us to preserve a memory.
1.What kind of information is easy for us to remember？()
A.Information that does not make any sense to us
B.Information that we are not familiar with
C.Information that is meaningful to us
D.Information that we are not interested in
2.Which of the following pairs are rhymes？()
A.horse—house
B.right---white
C.come----home
D.how---low
3.The second list of words in para.3 is organized according to().
A.the rhyme
B.the word category
C.th e first letters of words
D.the meanings
4.Books are kept in a library().
A.according to their size
B.in random order
C.in a jumbled way
D.in different categories
5.What method can better help form. a whole mental picture about the ti ngs to be remembered？()
A.Grouping
B.Repetition
C.Imagery
D.Association
During the hours when you labor through your work you may say that you're "hot". That's true. The time of day when you feel most energetic is when your cycle of body temperature is at its peak. For some people the peak comes during the forenoon. For others it comes in the afternoon or evening. No one has discovered why this is so, but it leads to such familiar monologues as:" Get up, John! You' 11 be late for work again \" The possible explanation to the trouble is that John is at his temperature-and-energy peak in the evening. Much family quarrelling ends when husbands and wives realize what these energy cycles mean, and which cycle each member of the family has.
You can't change your energy cycle, but you can learn to make your life fit it better. Habit can help, Dr. Kleitman believes. Maybe you're sleepy in the evening but feel you must stay up late anyway. Counteract your cycle to some extent by habitually staying up later than you want to. If your energy is low in the morning but you have an important job to do early in the day, rise before your usual hour. This won't change your cycle, but you' 11 get up steam(振作) and work better at your low point.
Get off to a slow start which saves your energy. Get up with a leisurely yawn and stretch. Sit on the edge of the bed a minute before putting your feet on the floor. Avoid the troublesome search for clean clothes by laying them out the night before. Whenever possible, do routine work in the afternoon and save tasks requiring more energy or concentration for your sharper hours.
If a person finds getting up early a problem, most probably______.
A．he is" hot"
B．he refuses to follow his own energy cycle
C．he is not sure when his energy is low
D．he is very energetic in the afternoon or evening
During the hours when you labor through your work you may say that you're "hot." That's tree. The time of day when you feel most energetic is when your cycle of body temperature is at its peak. For some people the peak. comes during the forenoon. For others it comes in the afternoon or evening. No one has discovered why this is so, but it leads to such familiar monologues (自言自语) as: "Get up, John! You'll be late for work again!" The possible explanation to the trouble is that John is at his temperature-and-energy peak in the evening. Much family quarrelling ends when husbands and wives realize what these energy cycles mean, and which cycle each member of the family has.
You can't change your energy cycle, but you can learn to make your life fit it better. Habit can help, Dr. Kleitman believes. Maybe you're sleepy in the evening but feel you must stay up late anyway. Counteract (对抗) your cycle to some extent by habitually staying up later than you want to. If your energy is low in the morning but you have an important job to do early in day, rise before your usual hour. This won' t change your cycle, but you'll get up steam (鼓起干劲) and work better at your low point.
Get off to a slow start which saves your energy. Get up with a leisurely yawn and stretch. Sit on the edge of the bed a minute before petting your feet on the floor. Avoid the troublesome search for clean clothes by laying them out the night before. Whenever possible, do routine work in the afternoon and save tasks requiring more energy or concentration for your sharper hours.
If a person finds getting up early a problem, most probably ______.
A．he is a lazy person
B．he refuses to follow his own energy cycle
C．he is not sure when his energy is low
D．he is at his peak in the afternoon or evening
You need, then, not only to learn and understand, but also to practice!
Here are a few suggestions on effective practice/study techniques.
1.Make your mouth or hand do what your mind is learning.Study out loud.Do go to the lab and work on the tapes.Study with a friend, and, thus, participate in speaking and listening.Try to write sentences or a short paragraph using the skills you have practiced with your own lips.
2.Study day-by-day.You cannot get by in a foreign language course by cramming (临时抱佛脚) at the last minute.You may be able to “learn” vocabulary items that way, but you cannot teach your mouth to use them in sentences.
3.Sometimes go back and review “old”topics and vocabulary.Language learning is cumulative (累积的).You learn new skills on the basis of old ones.The more you “recycle”familiar information and skills, the better you will be able to take in new ones.
4.Don’t be afraid to make mistakes.Self-consciousness (害羞) can be a strong barrier to learning a language.Perhaps part of the reason small children readily learn languages is that they are not afraid of making mistakes.
41.The first paragraph of the passage has been written to lay stress on the fact that______.
A.memorizing vocabulary words is necessary in language learning
B.learning to swim is quite similar to learning about the Second World War
C.understanding the ideas is more important than anything else
D.language learning is a process of acquiring different language skills
42.One of the major benefits of studying with a friend is that ________ .
A.it makes one talk in a particular language
B.it builds the friendship between two friends
C.friends can share tapes or other learning materials
D.one studies better in with a friend
43.Cramming is no good while learning a language because _________.
A.it is of little use to study without a clear purpose
B.nothing can be learned through cramming
C.anything learned that way can hardly be put into use
D.one may not find enough time to use at the last minute
44.The purpose of reviewing old topics is __________.
A.to build up a good basis for new skills
B.to enjoy the good ideas contained in them
C.to throw away the old, useless information
D.to avoid making mistakes in the future
45.Which of the following is the best title for the passage？
A.Why Children Are Able to Learn a Language Better than Grown-ups
B.A Few Suggestions on Studying a Foreign Language
C.Why Learning a Foreign Language Is More Difficult than Anything Else
D.An Introduction to Language Teaching and Learning
