What makes a person a scientist?Does he have ways or tools of learning that are different from those of others?The answer is "no".It is not the tools a scientist uses but how he uses these tools that make him a scientist.You will probably agree that knowing how to use a power is important to a carpenter.You will probably agree,too,that knowing how to investigate,how to discover information,is important to everyone.The scientist,however,goes one step further,he must be sure that he has a reasonable answer to his questions and that his answer can be confirmed by other persons.He also works to fit the answer he gets to many questions into a large set of ideas about how the world works.The scientist's knowledge must be exact.There is no room for half right or right just half the time.He must be as nearly right as the conditions permit.What works under one set of conditions at one time must work under the same conditions at other times.If the conditions are different,any changes the scientist observes in a demonstration must be explained by the changes in the conditions.This is one reason that investigations are important in science.Albert Einstein,who developed the theory of relativity,arrived at this theory through mathematics.The accuracy of this mathematics was later tested through investigations,Einstein's ideas were shown to be correct.A scientist uses many tools for measurements.Then the measurements are used to make mathematical calculations that may test his investigations.1.What makes a scientist according to the passage?（）A.The tools he uses.B.The way he uses his tools.C.His ways of learning.D.The various tools he uses.2.The underlined part in the passage shows（）.A.the importance of informationB.the importance of thinkingC.the difference between scientists and ordinary peopleD.the difference between carpenters and people with other jobs3.A sound scientific theory should be one that （）.A.works not only under one set of conditions at one time,but also under the same conditions at other timesB.does not allow any changes even under different conditionsC.can be used for many purposesD.leave no room for improvement4.The author quotes the case of Albert Einstein to illustrate（）.A.that measurements are keys to success m scienceB.that accuracy of mathematicsC.that investigations are important scienceD.that the mathematical calculations may test his investigations5.What is the main idea of the passage?（）A.The theory of relativity.B.Exactness is the core of science.C.Scientists are different from ordinary people.D.Exactness and ways of using tools are the keys to the making of a scientist.

第1题

Memory is the ability to keep track of things that have happened in the past. Memory reall

y is learning. One needs memory to ride a bicycle. A dog needs to remember if it is to come when called.

Memory is said to be stored in the brain as a "memory trace (记忆痕) ". What makes up this trace is not known. Some scientists believe that certain chemical substances may carry certain memories. For example, one substance, when given to rats, causes them to fear the dark.

Other research into memory has to do with how the brain works. Psychologists use three means to find out bow a person remembers. For example, give a person a grocery list. Let the person memorize the list, then put it away. The most natural way to find out how much a person remembers of the grocery list is to ask what he or she remembers. This is called the method of recall. Another method is called recognition. Give the person another grocery list. Ask him or her to choose items on the first list from the items that are on only the second list. Often a person will be able to recognize things that he or she cannot recall. A third method of finding how much a person remembers is called relearning. Here the person is asked to read over the first list. The person will probably learn the list the second time faster than he did the first time. The difference in the time it takes to relearn the list is thought of as measure of how much a person has remembered.

One way of remembering something is to repeat it many times. Interest is very important. Boring lists of facts are much more difficult to remember than something that we understand and are interested in. Motivation, or wanting to do something, is also important. Motivation is linked with reward. For example, a hungry animal quickly learns how to do something if that action gets the animal food. In humans, wanting to learn is often motivation. The praise of a teacher or the knowledge that an answer is correct is rewarding.

We can learn from the 2nd paragraph that ______.

A．bad memories may cause rats to fear the dark

B．it is hard to tell what a memory trace consists of

C．chemical substances carry certain memories

D．memory is stored in the brain as a substance

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第2题

Passage Five Memory is the ability to keep track of things that have happened in the past

Passage Five

Memory is the ability to keep track of things that have happened in the past. Memory really is leaning. One needs memory to ride a bicycle. A dog needs to remember if it is to come when called.

Memory is said to be stored in the brain as a “memory trace (记忆痕) .” What makes up this trace is not known. Some scientists believe that certain chemical substances may carry certain memories. For example, one substance, when given to rats, causes them to dear the dark.

Other research into memory has to do with how the brain works. Psychologists use three means to find out how a person remembers. For example, give a person a grocery list. Let the person memorize the list, then put it away. The most natural way to find out how much a person remembers of the grocery list is to ask what he or she remembers. This is called the method of recall. Another method is called recognition. Gibe the person another grocery list. Ask him or her to choose items on the first list from the items that are on only the second list. Often a person will be able to recognize thins that he or she cannot recall. A third method of finding how much a person remembers is called relearning. Here the person is asked to read over the first list. The person will probably learn the list the second time faster than he did the first time. The difference in the time it takes to relearn the list is thought of as a measure of how much a person has remembered.

One way of remembering something is to repeat it many times. Interest is very important. Boring lists of facts are much more difficult to remember than something that we understand and are interested in. Motivation, or wanting to do something, is also important. Motivation is linked with reward. For example, a hungry animal quickly learn how to do something if that action gets the animal food. In humans, wanting to learn is often motivation. The praise of a teacher or the knowledge that an answer is correct is rewarding.

52. We can learn from the 2nd paragraph that_____.

A bad memories may cause rats to fear the dark

B it is hard to tell what a memory trace consists of

C chemical substances carry certain memories

D memory is stored in the brain as a substance

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第3题

One of the main benefits of community service is that it ______ a person' s character.

A.sets

B.builds

C.makes

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第4题

Lilian Hanson, a college students, expects to graduate in about two years. What makes Mrs. Hanson different from her classmates is her age— 73 years. She has been studying at college, a few courses at a time, for 27 years.

When Lilian Hanson graduated from high school, she went to the bank to borrow money for the further education. The banker gave her no encouragement. He didn' t think that a country girl should borrow money to go to college. He thought she should be at home doing work in the house or around the farm. So Lilian Hanson went home and raised a family of nine children instead of going to college. Mrs. Hanson never forgot her dream of getting a higher education. When her children were grown, she tried again. She finds the hardest part of going back to school at her age is to sit in class for long periods of time. Because she is not as quick as she used to be, Mrs. Hanson often gets up and walks around classes to keep from getting stiff (僵硬) . At the beginning of a course in using the computer, the other students all stood up to give her a warm welcome when she introduced herself and explained why she was there and what her aims were.

1.Mrs. Hanson couldn' t go to college immediately after she graduated from high school because①().

A.she hadn' t got enough money

B.she was a country girl

C.the banker ordered her not to borrow money

2.Mrs. Hanson wanted to borrow money from the bank②().

A.to support her family

B.because she was 73 years old

C.to further her education at college

3.In the college, what makes Mrs. Hanson different from her classmates is③().

A.the fact that she is poor

B.that she has a family of nine children

C.that she is 73 years old

4.The computer students welcome Mrs. Hanson warmly because④().

A.she had got an excellent result in the exam

B.she was good at telling funny stories

C.they were deeply moved by her spirit

5.Mrs. Hanson is the sort of person who⑤().

A.cares for study very much

B.likes to borrow money from the bank

C.tries to save money for her family

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第5题

With a tremendous roar from its rocket engine, the satellite is sent up into the sky. Minu

tes later, at an altitude of 300 miles, this tiny electronic moon begins to orbit about the earth. Its radio begins to transmit a staggering amount of information about the satellite's orbital path, the amount of radiation it detects, and the presence of meteorites. Information of all kinds races back to the earth. No human being could possibly copy down all these facts, much less remember and organize them. But an electronic computer can.

The marvel of the machine age, the electronic computer has been in use only since 1946. It can do simple computations—add, subtract, multiply, and divide—with lightning speed and perfect accuracy. It can multiply two 10-digit numbers in 1/1, 000 second, a problem that would take an average person five minutes to do with pencil and paper. Some computers can work 500, 000 times faster than any person can.

Once it is given a program, that is, a carefully worked-out set of instructions devised by a technician trained in computer language, a computer can gather a wide range of information for many purposes. For the scientist it can get information from outer space or from the depths of the ocean. In business and industry the computer prepares factory inventories, keeps track of sales trends and production needs, mails dividend checks, and makes out company payrolls. It can keep bank accounts up to date and make out electric bills. If you are planning a trip by plane, the computer will find out what route to take and what space is available.

Why does the author regard the electronic computer as the marvel of the machine age？

A．Because electronic computers are rare.

B．Because people know little about electronic computers.

C．Because electronic computers can do much more kinds of work that human beings can't.

D．Because electronic computers have been widely suspected.

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第6题

Most cities and/or states in the U. S. collect a sales tax on almost everything you buy. Y

ou must ask when you move into a new community how much the local sales tax is, and what items are and are not taxable. Both taxable items and the amount of tax vary considerably from place, from one of two percent in some places up to eight or ten in others. The New York City sales tax, for examples, is currently 8% , so if you buy a pair of $40 shoes you will actually have to pay $43.20. This makes paying and getting correct change much more difficult (not to mention making .everything more expensive). We say in America that only two things in life are unavoidable: one is death and the other taxes.

Another thing that makes money exchanges more complicated is tipping. The Chinese people have happily put an end to tipping, but Westerners are still plagued with this indignity. Waiters and waitresses, cab drivers, hotel bellboys, barbers and hairdressers and all sorts of other people must be tipped. Their employers give them low wages because it is expected that you, the customer, will make up the difference. If you don' t, the service person can' t earn a living. Tipping also varies from place to place, generally in the area of 15% of your bill (before taxes), but again you should ask local residents whom to tip and how much.

There is another kind of tipping as well. You are generally expected to give something (either cash or a bottle of whisky) to the mailman and to your building "super" at Christmas time. You should discuss this also with neighbors and colleagues.

The main idea of this passage is ______.

A．shopping and tipping

B．sales and shopping

C．sales taxes and tipping

D．sales taxes and people

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第7题

In the United States, a person can take credit only for what he has accomplished by hims

elf. Americans get no credit whatsoever for having been born into a rich or privileged family. (In the United States, that would be considered “an accident of birth.”) Americans pride themselves in having been born poor and, through their own hard work, having climbed the difficult ladder of success to whatever level they have achieved--all by themselves. The American social system has, of course, made it possible for Americans to move, relatively easily, up the social ladder, whereas this is impossible to do in many other countries. The “self-made man or woman” is still very much the ideal in present-day America. Americans believe that competition brings out the best in any individual. They claim that it challenges or forces each person to produce the very best that is humanly possible. Consequently, the foreign visitor will see if you come from competition being fostered in the American home and in the American classroom, even at the youngest level. You may find the value placed on the competition disagreeable, especially if you come from a society that promote cooperation rather than competition among individuals. But Americans teaching in Third World countries find the lack of competitiveness in a classroom situation equally distressing. They soon learn that what they had thought to be one of the universal human characteristics represented only a peculiarly American (or Western) value.

Americans, valuing competition, have devised an economic system to go with-free enterprise. Americans feel very strongly that a highly competitive economy will bring out the best in its people and ultimately, that the society which fosters competition will progress most rapidly. If you look for it, you will see evidence in all areas--in all fields as diverse as medicine, the arts, education, and sports--that free enterprise is the approach most often preferred in America.

16. What does the author mean by saying “The ‘self-made man or woman’ is still very much the ideal in present-day America”？

A. Americans no longer respect those who are born rich as they used to.

B. Americans still respect those who have climbed up the social ladder through hard work.

C. Americans think that an ideal man or woman should be born poor.

D. Americans think that only the self-made man or woman is worthy of respect.

17. What does the author think of the American social system？

A. It is a system that does not favor those who are born rich.

B. It is a system that makes social climbing very difficult, if not impossible.

C. It makes it comparatively easy for the poor to move up the social ladder.

D. It is the best system possible in the world

18. Americans teaching in Third World countries found that ___.

A. competition is a unique American (or Western ) value

B. competition must be fostered in the classroom for success in business

C. cooperation is more important than competition in bringing about progress

D. competition is one of the universal human characteristics

19. We can infer from the passage that free enterprise is ____.

A. an economic system allowing free competition among businesses

B. a belief that competition brings out the best in any individual

C. an attitude that values competition rather than cooperation

D. a theory that advocates competition as the source of all progress

20. Americans would most likely frown at you if you ____.

A. complain that you were born poor and had had no opportunities

B. tell then you were born poor and had to work with your hands

C. go around telling people that your father is a self-made man

D. tell them that their social system is not necessarily the best

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第8题

阅读理解：根据文章内容，完成选择题。Lilian Hanson, a college students, expects to graduate

阅读理解：根据文章内容，完成选择题。

Lilian Hanson, a college students, expects to graduate in about two years. What makes Mrs. Hanson different from her classmates is her age—73 years. She has been studying at college, a few courses at a time, for 27 years.

When Lilian Hanson graduated from high school, she went to the bank to borrow money for the further education. The banker gave her no encouragement. He didn't think that a country girl should borrow money to go to college. He thought she should be at home doing work in the house or around the farm. So Lilian Hanson went home and raised a family of nine children instead of going to college. Mrs. Hanson never forgot her dream of getting a higher education. When her children were grown, she tried again.

She finds the hardest part of going back to school at her age is to sit in class for long periods of time. Because she is not as quick as she used to be, Mrs. Hanson often gets up and walks around classes to keep from getting stiff (僵硬). At the beginning of a course in using the computer, the other students all stood up to give her a warm welcome when she introduced herself and explained why she was there and what her aims were.

1. Mrs. Hanson couldn't go to college immediately after she graduated from high school because{A; B; C}.

A. she hadn't got enough money

B. she was a country girl

C. the banker ordered her not to borrow money

2. Mrs. Hanson wanted to borrow money from the bank{A; B; C}.

A. to support her family

B. because she was 73 years old

C. to further her education at college

3. In the college, what makes Mrs. Hanson different from her classmates is{A; B; C}.

A. the fact that she is poor

B. that she has a family of nine children

C. that she is 73 years old

4. The computer students welcome Mrs. Hanson warmly because {A; B; C}.

A. she had got an excellent result in the exam

B. she was good at telling funny stories

C. they were deeply moved by her spirit

5. Mrs. Hanson is the sort of person who{A; B; C}.

A. cares for study very much

B. likes to borrow money from the bank

C. tries to save money for her family."

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第9题

What makes the space shuttle ______ is that it takes off like a rocket but lands like an a

irplane.

A．exceptional

B．strange

C．unique

D．rare

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第10题

I am trying to understand _____ that makes him late for work again.

A.what it is

B.why it is

C.why it does

D.what it does

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第11题

What makes rain fall？A．Air currents' movement.B．The earth gravity.C．Droplets' movementD．Th

What makes rain fall？

A．Air currents' movement.

B．The earth gravity.

C．Droplets' movement

D．The size of the droplets

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