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Radio, television and press areof conveying news and information()
A.the most three common means
B.the three most common means
C.the most common three means
D.three the most common means
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A.the most three common means
B.the three most common means
C.the most common three means
D.three the most common means
Radio is different from television in______it sends and receives pictures.
A.which
B.that
C.what
D.this
Radio, television and press______of conveying news and information.
A.are the most three common means
B.are the most common three means
C.are the three most common means
D.are three the most common means
Public radio and television stations, on the【65】hand, do not have advertisements and people do not have to【66】to watch them. These stations gain their money from the【67】, from private companies, and from some of the【68】who watch or listen their programs. The【69】government and some large corporations give【70】,large gifts on money, to the public stations.
(66)
A.products
B.programs
C.produce
D.governments
Television, although not essential, has become an important part of most people’s lives. It alters people's ways of seeing the world; in many ways, it supports and sustains (维持) modern life. Television has become a baby-sitter, an introducer of conversations, the major transmitter of culture, a keeper of tradition. Yet when what can be seen on TV in one day is critically analyzed, it becomes evident that television is not a teacher but a sustainer; the poor quality of programming does not elevate (提高)people into greater understanding, but rather maintains and encourages the life as it exists.
The primary reason for the lack of quality in American television is related to both the history of TV programming development and the economics of TV. Television in America began with the radio. Radio companies and their sponsors first experimented with television. Therefore, the close relationship which the advertisers had with radio programs became the system for American TV. Sponsors not only paid money for time within programs, but many actually produced the programs. Thus, in American society, television is primarily concerned with reflecting and attracting society rather than experimenting with new ideas. Advertisers want to attract the largest viewing audience possible. To do so requires that the programs be entertaining rather than educational, attractive rather than challenging.
Television in America today remains, to a large extent, with the same organization and standards as it had thirty years ago. The hope for further development and true achievement toward improving society will require a change in the entire system.
According to the author American television is poor in quality because ______.
A.advertisers are interested in experimenting with new ideas
B.it is still at an early stage of development, compared with the radio
C.the programs have to be developed in the interests of the sponsors for economic reasons
D.it is controlled by radio companies
His role, therefore, is completely different. He is there to make【37】that the viewer does not miss some point of interest, to help him focus on particular things, and to.【38】the images on the television screen. Unlike his radio colleague, he must know the 【39】of silence and how to use it at those moments【40】the pictures speak for themselves.
(31)
A.turm
B.adapt
C.alter
D.modify
Five hundred years ago, news of important happenings--battles lost and won, kings or rulers overthrown or killed--took months and even years to travel from one country to another. The news passed by word of mouth and was never accurate. Today we can read in our newspapers of important e vents that occur in faraway countries on the same day they happen.
Apart from supplying news from all over the world, newspapers give us a lot of other useful in formation. There are weather reports, radio, television and film guides, book reviews, stories, and, of course, advertisements. There are all sorts of advertisements. The bigger ones are put in by large companies to bring attention to their products. They pay the newspapers thousands of dollars for their advertising space, but it is worth the money, for news of their products goes into almost every home in the country. For those who produce newspapers, advertisements are also important. Money earned from advertisements makes it possible for them to sell their newspapers at a low price and still make a profit.
The habit of reading newspapers is ______.
A.widespread
B.found among a few families
C.not popular
D.uncommon
How has this speed of communication changed the world? To many people, the world has become smaller. Of course this does not mean that the world is actually physically smaller. It means that the world seems smaller. Two hundred years ago, communication between the continents took a long time. All news was carried on ships that took weeks or even months to cross the oceans. In the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, it took six weeks for news from Europe to reach Americas.
This time difference influenced people's actions. For example, one battle, in the War of 1812 between England and the United States could have been avoided. A peace agreement had already been signed. Peace was made in England, but the news of peace took six weeks to reach America. During these six weeks, the large and serious Battle of New Orleans was fought. Many people lost their lives after a peace treaty had been signed. They would not have died if news had come in time. In the past, Communication took much more time than it does now.
News spreads fast because of______.
A.new technology
B.a peace agreement
C.the changes of the world
D.modern transportation
Advertising has been among England's biggest growth industries since the war. Perhaps the reason is that advertising saves the manufacturers from having to think about the customer.
At the stage of designing and developing a product, there is quite enough to think about without worrying over whether anybody will want to buy it. The designer is busy enough without adding customer-appeal to all his other problems of man-hours and machine tolerance and stress factors. So they just go ahead and make the thing and leave it to the advertiser to find clever ways of making it appeal to purchasers after they have finished it, by pretending that it confers(赋予) status, or attracts love, or signifies manliness.
Other manufacturers find advertising saves them from changing their product. And manufacturers hate change. The ideal product is one that goes on unchanged forever. If, therefore, for one reason or another, some alteration seems called for—how much better to change the image, the packet or the pitch made by the product, rather than go to all the inconvenience of changing the product itself.
Which of the following can best describe the author's attitude toward modern advertising?
A.Indifferent.
B.Shocked.
C.Disappearing.
D.Approving.
There can be no doubt that the growth in advertisement is one of the most striking features of the western world in this century. Many businesses such as those handling frozen foods, liquor, tobacco and medicines have been built up largely by advertisement.
We might ask whether the cost of advertisement is paid for by the producer or by the customer. Since advertisement forms part of the cost of production, which has to be covered by the selling price, it is clear that it is the customer who pays for advertisement. However, if large scale advertisement leads to in creased demand, production costs are reduced, and the customer pays less.
It is difficult to measure exactly the influence of advertisement on sales. When the market is growing, advertisement helps to increase demand. When the market is shrinking, advertisement may prevent a bigger fall in sales than would occur without its support. What is clear is that businesses would not pay large sums for advertisement if they were not convinced of its value to them.
Advertisement is often used to ______ .
A.deceive customers
B.increase production
C.arouse suspicion
D.push the sale