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Most people would define optimism as endlessly happy, with a glass that’s perpetually half

fall. But that’s exactly the kind of false deerfulness that positive psychologists wouldn’t recommend. “Healthy optimists means being in touch with reality.” says Tal Ben-Shahar, a Harvard professor, According to Ben- Shalar,realistic optimists are these who make the best of things that happen, but not those who believe everything happens for the best.

Ben-Shalar uses three optimistic exercisers. When he feels down-sag, after giving a bad lecture-he grants himself permission to be human. He reminds himself that mot every lecture can be a Nobel winner; some will be less effective than others. Next is reconstruction, He analyzes the weak lecture, leaning lessons, for the future about what works and what doesn’t. Finally, there is perspective, which involves acknowledging that in the ground scheme of life, one lecture really doesn’t matter.

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更多“Most people would define optim…”相关的问题
第1题
Which form. other than oral speech would be most commonly used among blind people

Which form. other than oral speech would be most c

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第2题
press()
A.n. 印刷机B.If you asked people what the most important invention has been, many would say the printingC.press.(2013.4 完型填空)D.如果你问人们最重要的发明是什么,许多人可能会说是印刷机
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第3题
The passage mainly tells us that______.A. money is the most important thing B. there

The passage mainly tells us that______.

A. money is the most important thing

B. there is something more important than money

C. we should look into their eyes while talking to people

D. the more money you have, the less happy you would be

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第4题
With which of the following would the author be most likely to agree()?

A.Sufficient social median have stisactory potential to reveal the poession of war.

B.Cameras empower people to get considerably easy access to advancement of war.

C.What happens in war can be realized without atainment of cresponding information.

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第5题
The author would most probably agree with which of the following statements about Thomas J
efferson?

A.He had a broad vision of his country's future.

B.He put the interests of Virginia ahead of those of the Union.

C.He ignored the advice of people who settled the western region.

D.He was one of the first government officials to travel in the western United States.

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第6题
According to the passage, how would a person who stays abroad most probably react when he
is frustrated by the culture shock?

A.He is most likely to refuse to absorb the strange environment at first.

B.He is ready to accept the change and adapt himself to the new environment.

C.Although he takes the culture difference for granted, he still doesn't know how to do with it.

D.He may begin to hate the people or things around him.

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第7题
Silicon Valley is a magnet to which numerous talented engineers, scientists and entreprene
urs from overseas flock in search of fame, fast money and to participate in a technological revolution whose impact on mankind will surely surpass the epoch-making European Renaissance and Industrial Revolution of the bygone age.

It is noteworthy that close to50% of its skilled manpower, including engineers, scientists and entrepreneurs, come from Asia. Prominent among them are Indians and Chinese, and not a few Singaporeans. They include such illustrious names as Vinod Khosla who co-founded Sun Microsystems, Jerry Yang of Yahoo fame and Singaporean Sim Wong Hoo, to name a few.

Many countries have, or are in the process of creating, their own "Silicon Valley". So far, none has as yet threatened the preeminence of the US prototype. What makes Silicon Valley such a unique entity? There are several crucial factors.

First and foremost, it has the largest concentration of brilliant computer professionals and the best supporting services in the world, and easy access to world-class research institutions, like Stanford University, which continually nurtures would-be geniuses that the industry needs in order to move forward. Without these advantages, the Valley would be a different place.

Secondly, it actively encourages, or even exalts, risk-taking. Hence, failure holds no terror and there is no stigma attached to a failed effort. On the contrary, they will try even harder next time round. Such never-say-die approach is the sine qua non for the ultimate triumph in entrepreneurship and technological breakthrough.

A third decisive factor is the vital role of venture capitalists who willingly support promising start-ups with urgently needed initial capital to get them started. Some would even give failed entrepreneurs a second chance if convinced that a fresh concept might lead to eventual SUCCESS.

Of equal importance, many bright young people and middle level professionals are keen to work for a new venture at substantially reduced remuneration, as it offers more scope for entrepreneurship and job satisfaction than the established companies. There is also a pride of achievement if their efforts contribute to its fruition.

The Valley’s professionals are among the most hardworking people anywhere. A 15-hour day and 7-day week is not uncommon, especially during the start-up stage. They would give up social life, and curtail their family life too, in order to pursue the pot of gold at the end of the rainbow. It is this single minded pursuit of excellence, supported by strong ethos of team work and esprit de corps, which sustain them until their mission is accomplished.

Paper qualifications, though useful, is not a be all and end all. More weight is given to a candidate’s proven abilities and aptitude for the job. This is amply demonstrated by industry icons like Apple’s Jobs and Wozniak and Microsoft’s Gates, all college dropouts who might not have emerged in a qualification-conscious community.

While racial prejudice no doubt still exists in the United States, albeit in a less degrading form. as before, it is hardly discernible in the Valley. What counts most is one’s vision and track record, and not one’s nationality, skin colour or creed. This, together with its multiracial society, informal lifestyle. and agreeable climate, lure foreigners to its shores.

However, with the collapse of the US NASDAQ share index earlier this year resulting in the plunge in prices of technology shares listed on it and elsewhere, the hitherto valuable share options held by numerous paper dot.com millionaires have become virtually worthless in these changed circumstances. Those who could not take the heat, as it were, left their employment feeling disillusioned.

Be that as it may, the majority in the Valley view this traumatic experience only as a temporary setback for the

A.look for fame.

B.become rich quickly.

C.take part in a technological revolution.

D.emigrate there.

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第8题
Some people think they have an answer to the troubles of automobile crowding and dirty air
in large cities. Their answer is the bicycle, or" bike".

In a great many cities, hundreds of people ride bicycles to work every day. In New York City, some bike riders have even formed a group called Bike for a Better City. They claim that if more people rode bi- cycles to work there would be fewer automobiles in the downtown section of the city and therefore less dirty air from car engines.

For several years this group has been trying to get the city government to help bike riders. For example, they want the city to draw bicycle lanes on some of the main streets, because when bike riders must use the same lanes as cars, there are accidents. Bike for a Better City feels that if there were special lanes more people would use bikes.

But no bicycle lanes have been drawn. Not everyone thinks it is agood idea--they say it will slow traffic. Some store owners on the main streets say that if there is less traffic, they will have less business. And most people live too far from downtown to travel by bike.

The city government has not yet decided what to do. It wants to keep everyone happy. Only on week- ends, Central Park is closed to cars, and the roads may be used by bicycles only, but Bike for a Better City says that this is not enough and keeps fighting to get bicycle lanes downtown.

According to the passage, bicycles ______.

A.are more convenient than cars

B.are safer traffic tools than cars

C.are ridden by most people in U.S.

D.are the solution to some city problems

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第9题
Most of us,when we reached our teens,started looking forward to the day when we would occu
py places of our own,far from the confines of our families. We saw this moving away as a chance to strike out on our own,to grow,to spread out wings and experience freedom. At the same time,we regarded this independence as temporary-the thing to do until we found the perfect mate and married. Over the years,many millions of people have made this passage from one family to another,with just a brief,often nervous interval of independence in between. But recently,more and more people have begun to challenge the concept that living together is better than living alone. Being single is now accepted as an alternative lifestyle-one that is natural,rewarding,and complete. In fact,being single has become almost fashionable.

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第10题
Psychologists have discovered that even the most independent-minded of us will conform

Psychologists have discovered that even the most independent-minded of us will conform. to social pressure when we are with a group of people. In one classie experiment, people were showna vertical line and asked to find a line of identical length from a selection of three.

You might think that this is an absurdly easy task, and when people perform. it by themselves they do it very well. However, psychologists have discovered that we are very easily swayed by the opinions of other people when we do this task in a group. In one study, a group of three people was set up,where two of the people were confederates(同伙 )of the experimenter.When the confederates deliberately gave wrong answers,people were often swayed to give the wrong answer also. In fact, 75% of people gave at least o ne wrong answer, with some people conforming to peer pressure on every occasion.

But why do people conform. in this way? In an easy task like this, it seems that people do not want to step out of line with the prevailing opinion of the group. On more difficult tasks, people also conform. because they lose onfidence in their own ability to make decisions and prefer to trust the majority opinion instead.

A typical example of this kind of conformity arises when we come across people in distress. Would you help a woman who has been attacked in the street?It turns out that you are much more likely to go to her assistance if you are alone.When other people are also around,a diffusion of responsibility occurs. People are paralysed into inaction, because everyone assumes that someone else will go to the woman' s assistance.

25. In Paragraph 1, the underlined word "conform" probably means“ ()”.

A.seek independence

B.disobey orders

C.seek pleasure

D.follow what others do

26.What is the purpose of the experiment described in Paragraph 2? To().

A.explain why people would be influenced by the opinions of others

B.prove that people are easily influenced by the opinions of others

C.train the confederates of the experimenter as independent-minded

D.describe how people would be influenced by the opinions of others

27.In the last paragraph, according to the author,why wouldn’t one help the woman ?He().

A.thinks he has no responsibilities to give a hand

B.thinks he has has nothing to do with it

C.is too shy to give his helping hand

D.thinks someone else will offer assistance

28.What method does the author mainly use to develop the text? (

A.Giving examples.

B.Cause-effect analysis.

C.Comparative analysis.

D.Process analysis.

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第11题
Early in November 1965, New York was blacked out by an electricity failure (停电). The May

Early in November 1965, New York was blacked out by an electricity failure (停电). The Mayor promised that it would not happen again. Pessimists (悲观主义者) were certain that it would happen again within five years. In July 1977, there was a repeat performance which produced a serious disorder throughout the city. At that time the city was in one of its worst heat waves.

In 1965, there was little crime during the darkness, and fewer than a hundred people were arrested. In 1977, hundreds of stores were broken into and looted (劫掠). Nearly 4,000 people were arrested but far more disappeared into the darkness of the night. The number of policeman available was far from enough and some looters even carry guns.

Hospitals had to treat hundreds of people cut by glass from shop windows. Banks and most business remained closed the next day. The blackout started at 9:30 P.M., when lightning hit and knocked out supply cables. Many stores were thus caught by surprise. For twenty-four hours, New York realized how helpless it was without electricity.

According to the first paragraph, who were right: the authorities or the pessimists?

A.The authorities.

B.The pessimists.

C.Both.

D.Neither.

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