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A recent study shows that more and more Americans are choosing to work at home.There are s

A recent study shows that more and more Americans are choosing to work at home.

There are several reasons for the change. One reason is many parents want more time to be with their children at home. Another is that people want the freedom to decide for them- selves how and when to do their job. The chance to work at home lets people live wherever they wish—out in the country, perhaps. It also makes it possible for many others—disabled and other persons, new mothers-to do useful work and earn money.

About half the people who work at home operate their own business. They sell products or services. The other half works for companies. They may make things, such as clothes. Or they may do office work, such as copying letters. A smaller number work at highly skilled jobs as designers or engineers.

The revolution(革命) in computer technology is one of the main reasons for the change to working at home.

Computers are now used in almost every American workplace in offices, in factories, even on farms. Computers make it much easier and quicker to do any task that involves information: writing, counting, designing, planning, keeping records.

With computers, there is less need for people to come together to work. Computers can he linked by telephone lines with other computers far away. A worker can write a report or

add information to company records on a computer at home and then send the finished work to a computer in another city.

Americans already are using computers to do many different kinds of jobs at home. Many highly skilled workers, for example, ask their companies for the chance to work at least part of the time at home. They say they can think more clearly and be more creative in the quiet, peaceful atmosphere of their home.

Many engineers, writers and computer scientists are among those who now do at least part of their work at home, using a computer. Most of such professional workers, however, spend at least a day or two each week in the company office to discuss their work with oth- ers. Working at home is a good idea for some people in some industries. However, it does not work for everyone.

Some home workers have said their personal lives and work lives became too close. Some have said they needed to be with other people to develop new ideas. And others have said it is more difficult to get a better job with the company when you are not working in the company's office.

Lots of people hope to work at home so as to______.

A．get a higher pay

B．have enough time to stay with their children

C．have more time for rest

D．do more housework

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更多“A recent study shows that more…”相关的问题
第1题
•Read the following article about career development and the questions on the opposi
te page．

•For each question 15-20，mark one letter(A，B，C or D)on your Answer Sheet for the answer you choose．

How to get to the top

Marketing used to be the route to the chief executive's chair，but the world has changed．Now，says Monika Hamori．professor of human resources at Instituto de Empresa in Madrid，it is finance chiefs who are most likely to get the top job，though experience in opera-tions-running parts of the companyis also essential．CFO Magazine found in 2005 that onefifth of chief ex-ecutives in America were former chief financiaI officers，almost double the share of a decade earlier．The importance of quarterly financial reporting，and closer scrutiny since the imposition of the Sarbanesoxley corporategovernance act，have put CFOs in the limelightand given them the chance to shine．

Another factor in reaching the top is whether you stay with the company you joined as a youngster．Ms．Hamori's research looked at companies in the S&P 500 and the FTSEurofirst 300．She finds that‘lifers’get to the top in 22 years in America and 24 years in Europe：‘Hoppers’who jump between four or more companies，by contrast，take at least 26 years on average to become chief executives．Insiders get promotions that reflect their potential，because their bosses have enough information to be reasonably confident about their ability．When executives switch from one company to another，however，they tend to move less far up the hierarchy，the researchers found．

The time taken to reach the top is falling．The average time from first job to chief executive fell from 28 years in 1980 to 24 in 2001．Successful executives are spending less time than they used to in each intermediate joban average of four yearsand they fill five posts on the way up．down from six．One reason for this acceleration is that company hierarchies are flatter than they used to be．Another important shift is the advent of female chief executives． 1n 2001 women accounted for 11%of bosses at leading American companies．ac-cording to the Hamori/Cappelli survey；in the early 1980s there were none．

America is usually regarded as the home of raw capitalism．with youthful managers hopping from firm to firm and pushing their way to the top．But the HamorL/Cappelli study and another by Booz & Company，a consultancy，show that Europe is a more dynamic and harsher environ-menl than America or Japan for chief executives．For a start，European chief executives are younger，with an average age of 54．compared with over 56 in America．The Hamor/Cappelli study shows that 26%of American bos-ses were lifers，compared with only 18%in Europe．

The Europeans also have a harder time once they get to the top.Booz ＆ Company's annual survey of chiefexecutive succession shows that 17.6%of European bosses moved on last year．compared with 15%of Americans and 10%of Japanese．Chief executives．the survey found，last longer in America：the average tenure over the past decade was just over nine years．But in Europe the average tenure over the same period was less than seven years．

Moreover．a whopping 37%of changes at the top in Europe were more or less firings，according to Booz，compared with only 27%in America and 12%in Japan．Booz puts this down to the more recent tightening of corporate governance in Europe,Another Booz finding is common to both sides of the Atlantic：looking back over recent years，board disputes and power struggles lie behind a third of chiefexecutive firings．In short，shareholder activism is making its presence felt，putting pressure on bosses to perform．

What is true according to the first paragraph？

A．CFOs'hard work leads to their increasing chances of promotion．

B．CFOs usually have no experience in management．

C．Marketing directors no longer have the chance to get a top position．

D．Chief executives used to be promoted mainly from the marketing department．

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第2题
Thousands of teachers at the elementary, secondary, and college levels can testify that th
eir students' writing exhibits a tendency toward a superficiality that Wash't seen, say 10 or 15 years ago. It shows up not only in their lack of analytical skills, but in poor command of grammar and rhetoric. I've been asked by a graduate student what a semicolon is. The mechanics of the English language have been tortured to pieces by TV. Visual, moving images—which are the venue of television—can't be held in the net of careful language. They want to break out. They really have nothing to do with language, grammar, and rhetoric, and they have become fractured.

Recent surveys by dozens of organizations also suggest that up to 40% of the American public is functionally illiter- ate. That is, our citizens' reading and writing abilities, if they have any, are impaired so seriously as to render them, in that handy jargon of our times, dysfunctional. The reading is taught - TV teaches people not to read. It renders them incapable of engaging in an activity that now is perceived as strenuous, because it is not a passive hypnotized state.

Passive as it is, television has invaded our culture so completely that the medium's effects are evident in every quarter, even the literary world. It shows up in supermarket paperbacks, from Stephen King (who has a certain clever skill) to pulp fiction. These really are forms of verbal TV-literature that is so superficial that those who read it can revel in the same sensations they experience when watching television:

Even more importantly, the growing influence of television, Keman says, has changed people's habits and values and affected their assumptions about the world. The sort of reflective, critical, and value laden thinking encouraged by books has been rendered obsolete. In this context, we would do well to recall the Cyclops—the race of giants that, according to Greek myth, predated man.

Quite literally, TV affects the way people think. In Four Arguments for the Elimination of Television, Jerry Mander quotes from the Emery Report, prepared by the Center for Continuing Education at the Australian National University, Canberra, that, when we watch television, "our usual processes of thinking and discernment are semi-functional at best. "The study also argues that, "while television appears to have the potential to provide useful information to viewers-and is celebrated for its educational function—the technology of television and the inherent nature of the viewing experience actually inhibit learning as we usually think of it. "

The first paragraph implies_____.

A．10 or 15 years ago people seldom wrote

B．the English grammar and rhetoric can be taught on TV

C．thousands of teachers are reluctant to admit their students' inability to write

D．TV ruins students' ability to write

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第3题
The number of American students who study in other countries has been growing.The Institute of International Education, in its most recent report, counted more than 223,000, a record.A few years ago a commission(委员会)established by Congress called for a goal of one million a year by 2017.

The institute says the growth in taking abroad programs is partly because of more choices of shorter semesters.More than half the American students who go abroad study in Europe, though fewer than in the past.Students have shown growing interest in Asia, Latin America, Africa and the Middle East.

Since 2001, New York University has been sending more students abroad than any other university in the United States.It offers classes in Argentina, China, Ghana and several countries in Europe.More than 960 undergraduates(大学生)from New York University will go abroad this fall.The largest number, 400, will study in Florence, Italy.Mostly local(当地的，本地的)professors teach 50 courses there.Twenty-six students, the smallest number, are going to Berlin, Germany, where just 8 courses are offered.

1、The institute says the growth in taking abroad programs is partly because of _____.

A.more choices of shorter semesters

B.the tuition of studying abroad is low

C.the experience can be got by studying abroad

D.parents wishing their children to study abroad

2、Students have shown growing interest in the following areas EXCEPT _____.

A.Asia

B.Latin America

C.Africa and the Middle East

D.Australia

3、Which university has sent most students abroad in America since 2001?

A.Harvard University.

B.New York University.

C.Stanford University.

D.Columbia University.

4、According to the passage, which statement is NOT true?

A.The number of American students who study in other countries has been growing.

B.The most recent report showed that more than 223,000 students study abroad.

C.More than 960 undergraduates from New York University will go abroad this autumn.

D.The largest number, 4,000 students, will study in Florence, Italy.

5、According to the passage, which professors teach the courses in Florence?

A.Mostly local professors.

B.Professors from New York University.

C.Professors from Germany.

D.Professors from the USA.

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第4题
A group of people who share the same interests and way of life is called a society. Sociol
ogy is the science that examines human society. The term sociology is derived from the Latin word socius, which means "companion, union of people".

(80) Sociologists are interested in how a society began and how it grew. They also study the levels within a society. For example, the child is part of the family, the family is part of the neighborhood, and the neighborhood is part of the community. There are many different groups, and sociologists are interested in the effect that these groups have on people.

A Frenchman named Auguste Comte made sociology a separate science in the 1830s. He suggested that a new science was necessary to study a society of people. A famous book, Principles of Sociology, was published by an Englishman, Herbert Spencer, in 1882. This book had an unprecedented (史无前例的) effect on the science of sociology. In this book, Spencer theorized that a society's customs evolved, or grew, from very simple to more complicated and advanced. This theory shows the influence that Charles Darwin (who believed that man had evoked from very simple forms to the present human) had on Spencer.

What is the best title for this passage？

A．Society.

B．People's Interests.

C．Society in Different Nations.

D．Sociology.

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第5题
阅读理解 Researches say people traveling in traffic are three times more likely to suf
fer a heart attack. They say the risk of a heart attack is greatest within an hour of being in traffiC.

The findings are based on a German study of almost 700 people who suffered heart attacks. The patients described their activities during the four days before their heart attack. Researchers found that those who had been in traffic were three times more likely to have a heart attack within one hour, compared to those who had not been in traffiC. Most of those in the study had been traveling by car. But some had been on bicycles and others were on buses.

Research shows that people in cars and buses are exposed to ten times the amount of pollutants as people walking on the street. That is largely because they breathe in the particles and gasses released from the vehicles in front of them.

Over time, these small particles speed the buildup of a sticky substance in the blooD. This can cause blockages(阻塞) to form. in the arteries(动脉) around the heart and lead to a heart attack.

Other studies have also linked heart trouble to stress, similar to the kind that people face while driving in heavy traffiC. But the researchers of the latest study say they do not know whether the increased heart attack risk was the result of stress or pollution. They suggest it may be a combination of stress, noise and pollution. Experts say the research shows the need fro cleaner vehicles and better city planning.

9.According to the study, which of the following ways is the safest in traffic？

A. Driving a car

B. Walking on the street

C. Taking a bus

D. Riding a bicycle

9.From among the 700 people who suffered heart attacks we learn that ______.

A. those who have been in traffic are three times as many as those who have not

B. those who have been in traffic for more than one hour are most likely to suffer heart attacks

C. the risk of a heart attack is three higher among those who have been in traffic than those who have not

D. Most of the subjects (实验对象) felt uncomfortable during the four days before the attack

9.The particles released from vehicles ______.

A. build up in the blood

B. become blockages in the arteries

C. make the blood more sticky

D. do harm to the heart

9.According to the studies, which of the following is NOT a likely cause of heart attack？

A. Stress

B. Noise

C. Air pollution

D. Traffic accident

9.What suggestion do experts make to lower the risk？

A. Reducing traffic as much as possible.

B. Living away from nose.

C. Planting more trees in the city.

D. Making vehicles clean.

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第6题
Scientists find that hard-working people live longer than average men and women. Career wo
men are healthier than housewives. Evidence shows that the jobless are in poorer health than jobholders. An investigation shows that whenever the unemployment rate increases by 1%, the death rate increases by 2%. All this comes down to one point: work is helpful to health.

Why is work good for health？ It is because work keeps people busy away from loneliness. Researches show that people feel unhappy, worried and lonely when they have nothing to do. Instead, the happiest are those who are busy. (76) Many high achievers who love their careers feel that they are happiest when they are working hard. Work serves as a bridge between man and reality. By work people come into with each other. By collective activity they find friendship and warmth. This is helpful to health. The loss of work means the loss of everything. It affects man spiritually and makes him ill.

Besides, work gives one a sense of fulfillment and a sense of achievement. Work makes one feel his value and status in society. When a writer finishes his writing or a doctor successfully operates on a patient or a teacher sees his students grow, they are happy beyond words.

(77) From the above we can come to the conclusion that the more you work the happier and healthier you will be. Let us work hard and study and live a happy and healthy life.

The underlined word "average" in Paragraph 1 means ______.

A．healthy

B．lazy

C．ordinary

D．poor

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第7题
Directions: This part consists of a short passage. In this passage, there are altog
ether 10mistakes, one in each numbered line. You may have to change a word, add a word or delete a word. Mark out the mistakes and put the corrections in the blanks provided. If you change a word, cross it out and write the correct word in the corresponding blank. If you add a word, put aninsertion mark (^) in the right place and write the missing word in the blank. If you delete a word, Cross it out and put a slash (/) in the blank.

Example:Television is rapidly becoming the literature of our periods (1). time/times/period

Many of the arguments having used for the study of literature (2). __/__

as a school subject are valid for^ study of television. (3).the ______

latest figures from the United States Immigration and Naturalization Service show that well over one million immigrants are now arriving in America every year. This is highest number of 1. _________

newcomers to the United States since the mass migration of Europeans in 2. _________

the turn of the century. The new immigrants no longer come main from 3. _________

Europe. According to the official government estimate, the greatest source of immigrants to America is now Asia, followed by Latin America. Forty-two percents of the new immigrants come from Asia 4. _________

while 39 percent come from Latin America. Only 13 percent of the recent immigration to America is now from Europe. Although the United States now accepts twice as many foreigners as all other nations combined, but Congress is. studying several proposals to limit 5. _________

immigration, include a new ceiling of about 450,000 immigrants a year. 6. _________

It is little clear that Congress will do about the problem of illegal 7. _________

immigrants. As estimated 500,000 to one million persons enter the United States illegally every year. Several congressmen have introduced legislation that would make it legal for employers to knowingly hire an 8. _________

illegal alien. A company would face a heavy fine if convicted of hiring a person with proper papers. Many business groups and civil rights leaders 9. _________

oppose this proposal because they fear it would lead. to wholesale discrimination in Hispanics and other recent immigrants. 10. _________

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第8题
阅读理解：If you think a high-factor sunscreen（防晒霜)keeps you safe from harmful rays, you may be wrong

Question 1 to 5 are based on the following passage.

If you think a high-factor sunscreen(防晒霜)keeps you safe from harmful rays, you may be wrong. Research in this week's Nature shows that while factor 50 reduces the number of melanomas(黑瘤)and delays their occurrence, it can't prevent them. Melanomas are the most aggressive skin cancers. You have a higher risk if you have red or blond hair, fair skin, blue or green eyes, or sunburn easily, or if a close relative has had one. Melanomas are more common if you have periodic intense exposure to the sun. Other skin cancers are increasingly likely with long-term exposure.

There is continuing debate as to how effective sunscreen is in reducing melanomas—the evidence is weaker than it is for preventing other types of skin cancer. A 2011 Australian study of 1,621 people found that people randomly selected to apply sunscreen daily had half the rate of melanomas of people who used cream as needed. A second study, comparing 1,167 people with melanomas to 1,101 who didn't have the cancer, found that using sunscreen routinely, alongside other protection such as hats, long sleeves or staying in the shade, did give some protection. This study said other forms of sun protection—not sunscreen—seemed most beneficial. The study relied on people remembering what they had done over each decade of their lives, so it's not entirely reliable. But it seems reasonable to think sunscreen gives people a false sense of security in the sun.

Many people also don't use sunscreen properly-applying insufficient amounts, failing to reapply after a couple of hours and staying in the sun too long. It is sunburn that is most worrying-recent shows five episodes of sunburn in the teenage years increases the risk of all skin cancers.

The good news is that a combination of sunscreen and covering up can reduce melanoma rates, as shown by Australian figures from their slip-slop-slap campaign. So if there is a heat wave this summer, it would be best for us, too, to slip on a shirt, slop on(抹上)sunscreen and slap on a hat.

1.What is people's common expectation of a high-factor sunscreen？

A.It will delay the occurrence of skin cancer.

B.It will protect them from sunburn.

C.It will keep their skin smooth and fair.

D.It will work for people of any skin color.

2.What does the research in Nature say about a high-factor sunscreen？

A.It is ineffective in preventing melanomas.

B.It is ineffective in case of intense sunlight.

C.It is ineffective with long-term exposure.

D.It is ineffective for people with fair skin.

3.What do we learn from the 2011Australian study of 1,621 people？

A.Sunscreen should be applied alongside other protection measures.

B.High-risk people benefit the most from the application of sunscreen.

C.Irregular application of sunscreen does women more harm than good.

D.Daily application of sunscreen helps reduce the incidence of melanomas.

4.What does the author say about the second Australian study？

A.It misleads people to rely on sunscreen for protection.

B.It helps people to select the most effective sunscreen.

C.It is not based on direct observation of the subjects.

D.It confirms the results of the first Australian study.

5.What does the author suggest to reduce melanoma rates？

A.Using both covering up and sunscreen.

B.Staying in the shade whenever possible.

C.Using covering up instead of sunscreen.

D.Applying the right amount of sunscreen.

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第9题
Lead deposits, which accumulated in soil and snow during the 1960's and 70's, were primari
ly the result of leaded gasoline emissions originating in the United States. In the twenty years that the Clean Air Act has mandated unleaded gas use in the United States, the lead accumulation worldwide has decreased significantly.

A study published recently in the journal Nature shows that air-borne leaded gas emissions from the United States were the leading contributor to the high concentration of lead in the snow in Greenland. The new study is a result of the continued research led by Dr. Charles Boutron, an expert on the impact of heavy metals on the environment at the National Center for Scientific Research in France. A study by Dr. Boutron published in 1991 showed that lead levels in arctic (北极的) snow were declining.

In his new study, Dr. Boutron found the ratios of the different forms of lead in the leaded gasoline used in the United States were different from the ratios of European, Asian and Canadian gasolines and thus enabled scientists to differentiate the lead sources. The dominant lead ratio found in Greenland snow matched that found ingasoline from the United States.

In a study published in the journal Ambio, scientists found that levels in soil in the Northeastern United States had decreased markedly since the introduction of unleaded gasoline.

Many scientists had believed that the lead would stay in soil and snow for a longer period.

The authors of the Ambio study examined samples of the upper layers of soil taken from the same sites of 30 forest floors in New England, New York and Pennsylvania in 1980 and in 1990. The forest environment processed and redistributed the lead faster than the scientists had expected.

Scientists say both studies demonstrate that certain parts of the ecosystem respond rapidly to reductions in atmospheric pollution, but that these findings should not be used as a license to pollute.

The study published in the journal Nature indicates that

A．the Clean Air Act has not produced the desired results.

B．lead deposits in arctic snow on the increase.

C．lead will stay in soil and snow longer than expected.

D．the U.S. is the major source of lead pollution in arctic snow.

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第10题
Human beings need to drink for their survival. Water ranks【61】on the list of all-time safe
fluids. But not all water is as safe as once【62】. Recent tests of water fountains in several U. S. cities show that many fountains give water containing large【63】of lead (铅) , a poisonous metal. A recent study of 900 water fountains in Los Angeles【64】that half of the fountains【65】contained higher amounts of lead than the【66】the experts consider【67】. In other cities【68】results of tests were announced; too much lead in many, though【69】, drinking fountains. Water doesn't normally contain any lead, but when it passes through pipes, it can【70】. People who drink the water【71】the lead. An adult' s body passes most of the lead【72】the body, but children' s【73】retains more than half the lead【74】. This makes children more likely to be affected. Lead can damage the kidneys, cause【75】and impair learning and memory.【76】four million children in U. S. A. already have high levels of lead in their bodies. Most of this lead comes from【77】polluted with the metal. They can【78】it up from eating dirt or paint chips containing lead. In【79】to limit the lead in water fountains, officials recently suggested that fountains【80】to have too much lead be replaced or repaired. And that certainly requires a lot of money.

(61)

A．high

B．highly

C．higher

D．height

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