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Questions are based on the following passage． According to a report from the Harvard Schoo

Questions are based on the following passage．

According to a report from the Harvard School of Public Health， many everyday products， including some bug sprays and cleaning fluids， could lead to an increased risk of brain and behavioral disorders in children．The developing brain， the report says， is particularly （36） to the toxic effects of certain chemicals these products may contain， and the damage they cause can be （37）．

The official policy， however， is still evolving．Health and environmental （38） have long urged U．S．government agencies to （39） the use of some of the 11 chemicals the report cites and called for more studies on their long-term effects．In 2001， for example， the Environmental Protection Agency（40）the type and amount of lead that could be present in paint and soil in homes and child-care （41）， after concerns were raised about lead poisoning．The agency is now （42）the toxic effects of some of the chemicals in the latest report．

But the threshold for regulation is high．Because children"s brain and behavioral disorders， like hyperactivity and lower grades， can also be linked to social and genetic factors， it"s tough to pin them on exposure to specific chemicals with solid （43）evidence， which is what the EPA requires．Even the Harvard study did not prove a direct（44）but noted strong associations between exposure and risk of behavioral issues．

Nonetheless， it"s smart to（45）caution．While it may be impossible to prevent kids from drinking tap water that may contain trace amounts of chemicals， keeping kids away from lawns recently sprayed with chemicals and freshly dry-cleaned clothes can"t hurt．

A．advocates

B．compact

C．correlation

D．exercise

E．facilities

F．interaction

G．investigating

H．overwhelmed

I．particles

J．permanent

K．restricted

L．simulating

M．statistical

N．tighten

O．vulnerable

第（36）题选

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更多“Questions are based on the fol…”相关的问题

第1题

Passage twoQuestions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage. There isn't any question

Passage two

Questions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage.

There isn't any question about Washington's greatness. If his administration had been a failure, there would have been no United States. He had all the background that caused him to know how to make it work, because he had worked under the Continental Congress. Some presidents have limited their roles to being administrators of the laws without being leaders. But Washington was both a great administrator and a great leader.

Basically the author's opinion of Washington is______.

A. praiseful

B. derogatory

C. critical

D. negative

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第2题

Questions 6to 10are based on the followingpassage:It is difficult to imagine what life wou

Questions 6 to 10 are based on the followingpassage:

It is difficult to imagine what life would belike without memory. (78) The meanings of thou-sands of everydayperceptions, the bases for the decisions we make, and the roots of our habitsand skills are to be found in our past experiences，which are brought into thepresent by memory.

Memory can be defined as the capacity to keepinformation available for later use. It includes not only “remembering” thingslike arithmetic or historical facts, but also involving any change in the wayan animal typically behaves. (79) Memory is involved when a rat gives upeating grain be-cause he has sniffed something suspicious in the grain pile. Memoryis also involved when a six- year-old child learns to swing a baseball bat.

Memory exists not only in humans and animalsbut also in some physical objects and ma-chines. Computers, for example,contain devices for storing data for later use. It is interesting to comparethe memory-storage capacity of a computer with that of a human being. Theinstant-access memory of a large computer may hold up to 100,000 “words”一ready for instant use. An averageU. S.teenagerprobably recognizes the meaning of about 100,000 words of English. However,this is but a fraction of the total amount of information which the teenagerhas stored. Consider, for ex-ample ，the number of faces and places that the teenager can recognize on sight.

The use of words is the basis of the advancedproblem-solving intelligence of human beings. A large part of a person’s memoryis in terms of words and combinations of words.

6. Accordingto the passage, memory is considered to be_____________.

A.the basis for decision making and problem solving

B.an ability to store experiences for future use

C.an intelligence typically possessed by human beings

D.the data mainly consisting of words and combinations of words

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第3题

Passage OneQuestions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage. The sea is the common pr

Passage One

Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage.

The sea is the common property of all nations. It belongs equally to all. None can appropriate it exclusively to themselves；nor is it “foreign” to any. This was the decision of John Marshall, chief justice of the United States from 1801 to 1835. It was stated as a fundamental rule the sea that no one, and therefore everyone, owns the ocean. This means that outside territorial waters(the waters within three miles of a country's coast), the law is whatever nations agree on in peacetime and whatever the strongest naval powers can enforce in wartime. After the United States purchased Alaska, Americans began to seize Canadians who were hunting seals outside Alaskan territorial waters. The Americans claimed that the seals were American property because they often came in to the Alaskan shores owned by the United States. International arbitrators disagreed with this reasoning. In some cases, however, the special rights of a nation that makes use of an open-sea area are recognized.

All of the sea's rules of the road are established by international conferences and treaties.

The fundamental rule of the sea means that______.

A. the sea should be equally divided among all the nations in the world

B. any area of the sea belongs to the nation closest to it

C. no nation has any sea rights

D. no nation has exclusive right to the open sea

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第4题

Questions are based on the following passage．He was a qualified doctor who rarely practice

Questions are based on the following passage．

He was a qualified doctor who rarely practiced but instead devoted his life to writing．He once said: "Medicine is my lawful wife, and literature is my lover．" Russian writer Anton Pavlovich Chekhov was a great playwright and one of the masters of the modem short story．

(77) When Chekhov entered the Moscow University Medical School in 1879, he started to publish hundreds of comic short stories to support his family． After he graduated, he wrote regularly for a local daily newspaper．

As a writer he was extremely fast, often producing a short story in an hour or less． Chekhov&39;s medical and science experience can be seen through the indifference（冷漠) many of his characters show to tragic events． In 1892, he became a full time writer and published some of his most memorable stories．

Chekhov often wrote about the sufferings of life in small town Russia． Tragic events control his characters who are filled with feelings of hopelessness and despair．

It is often said that nothing happens in Chekhov&39;s stories and plays． He made up for this with his exciting technique for developing drama within his characters． (78) Chekhov&39;s work combined the calm attitude of a scientist and doctor with the sensitivity(敏感）of an artist．

Some of Chekhov&39;s works were translated into Chinese as early as the 1940s． One of his famous stories, The Man in a Shell (装在套子里的人), about a school teacher&39;s extraordinarily orderly life, was selected as a text for Chinese senior students．

Anton Pavlovich Chekhov__________ 查看材料

A.had a lawful lover

B.was an illegal writer

C.used to be a lawyer

D.was a competent doctor

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第5题

Questions are based on the following passage.Romantic love has clear evolutionary roots

Questions are based on the following passage.Romantic love has clear evolutionary roots

Questions are based on the following passage.

Romantic love has clear evolutionary roots but our views about what makes an ideal romanticrelationship can be swayed by the society we.live in.So says psychologist Maureen O'Sullivan from theUniversity of San Francisco.She suggests that humans have always tried to strengthen the pair-bond tomaximise (使最大化) reproductive success.Many societies throughout history and around the world today have cultivated strong pressures tostay married.In those where ties to family and commtmity are strong, lifelong marriages can bepromoted by practices such as the cultural prohibition of divorce and arranged marriages that are seenas a contract between two families, not just two individuals.In modern western societies, however, thefocus on ndividuality and independence means that people are less concerned about conforming to (遵守 ) the dictates of family and culture.In the absence of societal pressures to maintain pair-bonds,O'Sullivan suggests that romantic love has increasingly come to be seen as the factor that shoulddetermine who we stay with and for how long."That's why historically we see an increase in romantic love as a basis for forming long-term relationships," she says.According to O'Sullivan culture also shapes the sorts of feelings we expect to have, and actually doexperience, when in love.Although the negative emotions associated with romantic love-fear of loss,disappointment and jealousy-are fairly consistent across cultures, the positive feelings can vary. "If youask Japanese students to list the positive attributes they expect in a romantic partner, they rate highlythings like loyalty, commitment and devotion," says O'Sullivan. "If you ask American college women,they expect everything under the sun: in addition to being committed, partners have to be amusing,funny and a friend."We judge a potential partner according to our specific cultural expectations about what romanticlove should feel like.If you believe that you have found true romance, and your culture tells you thatthis is what a long-term relationship should be based on, there is less need to rely on social or familypressures to keep couples together, O'Sullivan argues.

What does the author say about people's views of an ideal romantic relationship？

A.They vary from culture to culture.

B.They ensure the reproductive success.

C.They reflect the evolutionary process.

D.They are influenced by psychologists.

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第6题

Passage ThreeQuestions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage. What are the specific

Passage Three

Questions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage.

What are the specific traits that will assist executives to climb the ladder of success？ Opinions vary widely. Given approximately equal qualifications and circumstances，some claim the success factor is largely a matter of luck-being in the right place at the right time. Others speak of an almost crazy devotion to work，combined with a degree of ruthlessness. One “expert” maintains that it's undoubtedly a matter of how much education your mother had.

To make it big，executives must possess four basic skills：

First，drive. Business success takes an unusual amount of energy. A successful executive-almost by definition-is a striver. He will get tense when he is not striving.

Second，people sense. Some say being able to judge people is more important than a high IQ. The skill can be instinctual(本能的)，but in most cases it is painstakingly learned.

Third，communications ability. Different executives make themselves understood in different ways. Some transmit ideas best face to face；others are masters of the telephone call；still others are persuasive writers. One way or another，they all communicate clearly.

Fourth，calm under pressure. No businessman will get very far if he chokes up.

Some people claim that besides hard work，the success also requires______.

A. equal qualifications

B. specific traits

C. much education

D. a degree of cruelty

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第7题

Questions are based on the following passage. Cocoa contains chemicals calledflavanols （

Questions are based on the following passage.

Cocoa contains chemicals calledflavanols （黄烷醇） that may help reduce the risk of strokes and heart attacks by lowering blood pressure and improving the body"s use of insulin （胰岛素） .

Washington chocolate producer Steve Kumar said that is one reason dark chocolate is increasingly popular among his customers. "A lot of people are attracted by dark chocolate because they just decide they love it， and they also have been reading all about the health benefits of dark chocolate，" said Kumar.

But those benefits have not been confirmed by studies involving large numbers of people. Also， during the production of chocolate， a lot of flavanols are destroyed， while sugar and fats are added to contribute to flavor.

Scientists now want to learn the benefits of flavanols in their pure form.

They plan a four-year study of 18，000 adults， who will take pills of pure cocoa flavanols， in what is being called the largest test of its kind. Jo-Ann Manson， of the Brigham and Women"s Hospital in Boston， is the lead researcher. "This pill of cocoa flavanols will avoid having the calories and the sugar and the fat found in chocolate，" said Manson. The pills also won"t have any taste. Participants，divided in two groups， will take two identical pills a day. One group"s pills will contain flavanols， while the others will getplacebo （安慰剂） pills. "The amount of chocolate that it would take in order to have this amount of cocoa flavanols would be more than ten times the amount that people would ordinarily eat，" said Manson.

Whatever the outcome of the study， Kumar said he"s not worried about his business. "People like the experience of actually biting into a piece of chocolate，whatever their favorites are，" he said.

The flavanol benefits test is still in the early stage， so scientists are not sure when the participants will be handed their first chocolate pills.

What chemical in cocoa may do good to the heart according to the passage？查看材料

A.Fat.

B.Insulin.

C.Sugar.

D.Flavanols.

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第8题

Passage ThreeQuestions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage. The physicist investig

Passage Three

Questions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage.

The physicist investigating the relationship between time and space, the chemist exploring the properties of a new substance, the biologist probing the mysteries of the continuity of life. and the anthropologist(人类学家)searching for human origins share a common trait(特征), curiosity. Not that nonscientist are not curious；most people possess this characteristic. The scientist, however, uses a specific method to make researches into these enigmatic(难以理解的)problems-the scientific method.

Unfortunately, science and its method are misunderstood, the multiplication of our knowledge in medicine and technology has led to the idea that science can cure all and explain all and that only enough time, money and intelligence are needed. In truth. science cannot provide all answers. In fact, many phenomena are not even subject to scientific explanations.

On the other side of the coin, science has been attacked as a cause of most contemporary problems. It is said to be responsible for the depersonalization(使失去个性)of the individual, for stripping(夺去)creativity from human behavior, and for creating massive threats to the species through the development of nuclear power, insecticides, and polluting machinery. If we analyze the situation, we can see that it was not the original intent of the people who developed computers to debase humankind, nor was mass production proposed as a method to crush creativity. It is what society, policymakers especially, does with scientific achievements that makes them social or antisocial. There is nothing inherently good or bad about science.

Which of the following is the main topic of the passage？

A. Scientists and their curiosity.

B. Science and scientific method.

C. Understandings of science.

D. Misunderstandings of science.

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第9题

There are age-related differences in our ability to lie. These are【B1】______the developmen

t of the prefrontal cortex—a part of the brain involved in controlling our behavior. It doesnt fully develop until young【B2】______, after which it gradually declines. We【B3】______that the ability to lie would also follow this【B4】______and thats what we found. We focus on the cognition of lying—how hard it is to lie,【B5】______we can judge by how long it takes a person to【B6】______a false statement. Theres a lot of evidence suggesting lying is more【B7】______demanding than telling the truth. Lying is a very【B8】______phenomenon. There are many【B9】______involved—the motivation to lie, emotions , social factors and so on. We【B10】______the cognitive aspect of lying. Its a narrow scope, but that【B11】______us to apply science to the issue. Why do young adults lie【B12】______？ I am speculating, but it【B13】______has something to do with gaining【B14】______at that age—becoming an individual and【B15】______themselves from their parents or teachers. They tend to lie more to authority figures. Weve been developing computerised tests where we try to【B16】______whether a person is lying or not, based on how fast they respond. Another approach might be to make lying more【B17】______You could ask them to tell their story in【B18】______order, for example, or ask questions that they wouldnt【B19】______For a long time, lie detection has focused on techniques that are based on stress. But these gave a lot of false positives, because truth-tellers can get as stressed as【B20】______

【B1】

A．in accordance with

B．in line with

C．in comparison with

D．in addition to

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第10题

Questions下列各 are based on the following passage. A newstudy shows a large gender gap on

Questions下列各 are based on the following passage.

A newstudy shows a large gender gap on economic policy among the nations professional economists,a divide similar to the gender divide found in the general public.

"Asa group, we are pro-market," says Ann Marl May, co-author of the study anda University of Nebraska economist. "But women are more likely to acceptgovernment regulation and involvement in economic activity than our malecolleagues. "

"Itsvery puzzling," says free market economist Veronique de Rugy of the Mercatus Center at George Mason University. "Not a .day goes by that Idont ask myself why there are so few women economists on the free market side."

A nativeof France, de Rugy supported government intervention (干预) early in her life butchanged her mind after studying economics. "We want many of the samethings as liberals--less poverty, more health care--but have radicallydifferent ideas on how to achieve it. "

IAberaleconomist Dean Baker, co-founder of the Center for Economic Policy andResearch, says male economists have been on the inside of the profession,confirming each others antiregulation views. Women, as outsiders, "aremore likely to think independently or at least see people outside of theeconomics profession as forming their peer group," he says.

Thegender balance in economics is changing. One-third of economics doctorates (博士学位) now go to women."More diversity is needed at the table when pubflc policy isdiscussed," May says.

Economistsdo agree on some things. Female economists agree with men that Europe has toomuch regulation and that Wal-mart is good for society. Male economists agreewith their, female colleagues that military spending is too high.

Thegenders are most divorced from each other on the question of equality forwomen. Male economists overwhelmingly think the wage gap between men and womenis largely the result of indi~fluals skills, experience and voluntary choices.Female economists overwhelmingly disagree by a margin of 4-to-1.

Thebiggest disagreement: 76% of women say faculty opportunities in economics favormen. Male economists point the opposite way: 80% say women are favored or theprocess is neutral.

What is the finding of the new study？

A.The gender divide is a big concern of the general public.

B.Men and women understand economics quite differently.

C.The gap between male and female economists needs to be closed.

D.Male and female economists disagree widely on economic policy,

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