题目内容
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We desire that the tour leader ______ us immediately of any change in plans.
A．inform
B．informs
C．informed
D．has informed
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Second, people also learn that such【C8】______of cause and effect are probabilistic in nature. That is, the effects occur more often when the causes occur than when the causes are【C9】______, but not al ways.【C10】______, students learn that studying hard produces good grades【C11】______most instances, but not every time. Science makes these concepts of causality and probability more clear and【C12】______techniques for dealing with them more【C13】______than does causal human inquiry. In looking at ordinary human inquiry, we need to【C14】______between prediction and under .standing. Often, even if we don't under stand why, we are willing to act on the basis of a demonstrated【C15】______ability.
Whatever the primitive drives that【C16】______human beings, satisfying them depends heavily on the ability to predict future circumstances. The attempt to predict is often played in the【C17】______of knowledge and understanding. If you can understand why certain regular patterns【C18】______, you can predict better than if you simply ob serve those patterns. Thus, human inquiry aims【C19】______answering both "what" and "why" questions, and we【C20】______these goals by observing and figuring out.
【C1】
A．exhibit
B．exploit
C．release
D．expose
A. mutual
B. mutually
C. equal
D. equally
When we complete each step of our goals, （）.
A.we will win final success
B.we are overwhelmed
C.we should build up confidence of success
D.we should strong desire for setting new goals
When I was approached with the idea of trying to create a landmine(地雷) campaign, we were just three people in a small office in Washington, DC in late I had more than a few ideas about how to begin a campaign, but what if nobody cared？ What if nobody responded？ But I knew the only way to answer those questions was to accept the challenge.
But if I have any power as an individual, it&39;s because I work with other individuals around the world. We are ordinary people--Jemma from Armenia, Paul from Canada, Christian from Norway and thousands more-who have worked together to bring about extraordinary change. The landmine campaign is not just about landmines--it&39;s about the power of individuals to work with governments in a different way.
I believe in both my right and my responsibility to work to create a world that doesn&39;t think highly of violence and war, but where we seek different solutions to our common problems. I know that holding such beliefs is not always easy or comfortable--particularly in the post-9/ 11 world. But I believe that life is about trying to do the right thing.
Most people tend to get caught up in going to college, then getting a job, buying a house and paying the loan. Somehow, I’ve had the desire--and the drive--to do things a bit differently. If enough ordinary people back up our desire for a better world, I believe we can accomplish extraordinary things.
21.When the author was a child, she __________.
A.had many great dreams
B.wanted to do something for peace
C.didn’t know she would work for landmine campaign
D.had decided what she would do when growing up
Why did the author create a landmine campaign？A.Because she was encouraged by her colleagues
B.Because she got inspiration from protecting her brother
C.Because it was her duty to remove landmines
D.Because she was interested in whatever others disliked
What is Paragraph 3 mainly about？A.The author had made many foreign friends
B.The landmine campaign had spread all over the world
C.Many individuals join the landmine campaign to create a better world
D.The author’s friends joined her in fighting against the government
What can be inferred from the text？A.The present world is full of violence and war
B.Going to a famous university is the author’s belief
C.Most people take war and violence for granted
D.Settling problems peacefully is the author’s belief
Those who criticize economic growth argue that we must slow down. They believe that society is approaching certain limits on growth. These include the fixed supply of natural resources, the possible negative effects of industry on the natural environment, and the continuing increase in the world's population. As society reaches these limits, economic growth can no longer continue, and the quality of life will decrease.
People who want more economic growth, on the other hand, argue that even at the present growth rate there are still many poor people in the world. These proponents of economic growth believe that only more growth can create the capital needed to improve the quality of life in the world. Furthermore, they argue that only continued growth can provide the financial resources required to protect our natural surroundings from industrialization.
This debate over the desirability of continued economic growth is of vital importance to business and industry. If those who argue against economic growth are correct, the problems they mention cannot be ignored. To find a solution, economists and the business community must pay attention to these problems and continue discussing them with one another.
What is this passage primarily concerned with？
A．The problems caused by economic growth.
B．The desirability of economic growth.
C．The desire for more material wealth.
D．The limits of economic growth.
The environmental crisis is the result of success in cutting down the morality of infants (which has given us the population explosion), success in increasing farm output sufficiently to prevent mass famine, success in getting people out of the tenements of the 19th century city and into the greenery anti privacy of single family home in the suburbs (which has given us urban sprawl and traffic jams). The environmental crisis, in other words, is the result of doing too much of the right sort of thing at large.
To overcome the problems that success always creates, one mast build on it. But where to start？ Cleaning up the environment requires determined, sustained effort with clear targets and deadlines it needed, above all, concentration of effort. Up to now we have tried to do a little bit of everything, what we ought to do first is to draft a list of priorities.
This passage assumed the desirability of ______.
A．living in comfortable family life-style
B．setting disputes peacefully
C．combating cancer and heart disease with energetic research
D．having greater government involvement in people's daily life
The sources of our dreams are most commonly attributed to factors in our waking lives. Whether it be emotional challenges, stress in the workplace, relationship problems or a myriad of other possible factors, the thoughts and feelings created in our waking environments are believed to directly influence the content of our dreams. A particular dramatic or traumatic experience during the day would no doubt be encountered again in some form. or another during the night.
Just as important as actual events in the determination of the content of our dreams are the preexisting beliefs that we hold. If we encounter some kind of phenomena in our dreams, it is very likely that we already believed in the possibility of the phenomena before the dream. For example, if someone dreams of being abducted by aliens, it's very likely that, before the dream, he already believed in the existence of aliens. To the extent that dreams are direct reflections of our minds, they will reflect accurately what we believe and hold to be true.
The way that we act in dreams bears consideration as well. Oftentimes, our behavior. in our dreams reflects hidden desires for that type of behavior. in our waking lives. Someone who dreams of revenge may actually desire revenge in real life, and likewise someone who dreams of adventure night after night may be experiencing his mind playing out a desire for more excitement in his everyday life.
While the items encountered in our dreams are of great importance in the analysis of dreams, it must be recognized and understood that the same item in two different dreams can easily have entirely different meanings for the two dreamers. For example, a home in the dreams of an avid equestrian can signify comfort and relaxation, whereas the same home in the dreams of a hunter can represent excitement and challenge.
Nightmares are mentioned in paragraph 1 in order to______.
A．give an introduction to the main subject of the text
B．give an example of one particularly vivid type of dream
C．provide a justification for the study of dreams
D．illustrate the value of analyzing dreams
Eventually a fortunate few will find their way into educational-repair shops—adult-literacy programs, such as the one where I teach basic grammar and writing. There, high-school graduates and high-school dropouts pursuing graduate-equivalency certificates will learn the skills they should have learned in school. They will also discover they have been cheated by our educational system.
I will never forget a teacher who got the attention of one of my children by revealing the trump card of failure. Our youngest, a world-class charmer, did little to develop his intellectual talents but always got by. Until Mrs. Stifter.
Our son was a high-school senior when he had her for English. "He sits in the back of the room talking to his friends," she told me. "Why don't you move him to the front row？" I urged, believing the embarrassment would get him to settle down. Mrs. Stifter said, "I don't move seniors. I flunk(使…不及格) them." Our son's academic life flashed before my eyes. No teacher had ever threatened him. By the time I got home I was feeling pretty good about this. It was a radical approach for these times, but, well, why not？ "She's going to flunk you," I told my son. I did not discuss it any further. Suddenly English became a priority(头等要事) in his life. He finished out the semester with an A.
I know one example doesn't make a case, but at night I see a parade of students who are angry for having been passed along until they could no longer even pretend to keep up. Of average intelligence or better, they eventually quit school, concluding they were too dumb to finish. "I should have been held back," is a comment I hear frequently. Even sadder are those students who are high-school graduates who say to me after a few weeks of class, "I don't know how I ever got a high-school diploma."
Passing students who have not mastered the work cheats them and the employers who expect graduates to have basic skills. We excuse this dishonest behavior. by saying kids can't learn if they come from terrible environments. No one seems to stop to think that most kids don't put school first on their list unless they perceive something is at risk. They'd rather be sailing.
Many students I see at night have decided to make education a priority. They are motivated by the desire for a better job or the need to hang on to the one they've got. They have a healthy fear of failure.
People of all ages can rise above their problems, but they need to have a reason to do so. Young people generally don't have the maturity to value education in the same way my adult students value it. But fear of failure can motivate both.
What is the subject of this essay？
A．view point on learning
B．a qualified teacher
C．the importance of examination
D．the generation gap
Look at it from the child's point of view. Here he is in a new situation, lacking a ready response. He is seeking a response which will gain certain ends. If he lacks a ready response for the situation, and cannot reason out what to do, he observes a model who seems able to get the right result. The child looks for an authority or expert who can show what to do.
There is a second element at work in this situation. The child may be able to attain his immediate goal only to find that his method brings criticism from people who observe him. When shouting across the house achieves his immediate end of delivering a message, he is told emphatically that such a racket is unpleasant, that he should walk into the next room and say his say quietly. Thus, the desire to solve any objective situation is overlaid with the desire to solve it properly. One of the early things the child learns is that he gets more affection and approval when his parents like his response. Then other adults reward some actions and criticize others. If one is to maintain the support of others and his own self-respect, he must adopt responses his social group approves.
In finding trial responses, the learner does not choose models at random. He imitates the person who seems a good person to be like, rather than a person whose social status he wished to avoid. If the pupil wants to be a good violinist, he will observe and try to copy the techniques of capable players; while some other person may most influence his approach to books.
Admiration of one quality often leads us to admire a person as a whole, and he becomes an identifying figure. We use some people as models over a wide range of situations, imitating much that they do. We learn that they are dependable and rewarding models because imitating them leads to success.
The statement that children learn by imitation is incomplete because ______.
A．they only imitate authorities and experts
B．they are not willing to copy their parents
C．the process of identification has been ignored
D．the nature of their imitation as a form. of behavior. has been neglected
