Most people have had a dog or wanted one as their ...

第1题

阅读理解 Researches say people traveling in traffic are three times more likely to suf

fer a heart attack. They say the risk of a heart attack is greatest within an hour of being in traffiC.

The findings are based on a German study of almost 700 people who suffered heart attacks. The patients described their activities during the four days before their heart attack. Researchers found that those who had been in traffic were three times more likely to have a heart attack within one hour, compared to those who had not been in traffiC. Most of those in the study had been traveling by car. But some had been on bicycles and others were on buses.

Research shows that people in cars and buses are exposed to ten times the amount of pollutants as people walking on the street. That is largely because they breathe in the particles and gasses released from the vehicles in front of them.

Over time, these small particles speed the buildup of a sticky substance in the blooD. This can cause blockages(阻塞) to form. in the arteries(动脉) around the heart and lead to a heart attack.

Other studies have also linked heart trouble to stress, similar to the kind that people face while driving in heavy traffiC. But the researchers of the latest study say they do not know whether the increased heart attack risk was the result of stress or pollution. They suggest it may be a combination of stress, noise and pollution. Experts say the research shows the need fro cleaner vehicles and better city planning.

9.According to the study, which of the following ways is the safest in traffic？

A. Driving a car

B. Walking on the street

C. Taking a bus

D. Riding a bicycle

9.From among the 700 people who suffered heart attacks we learn that ______.

A. those who have been in traffic are three times as many as those who have not

B. those who have been in traffic for more than one hour are most likely to suffer heart attacks

C. the risk of a heart attack is three higher among those who have been in traffic than those who have not

D. Most of the subjects (实验对象) felt uncomfortable during the four days before the attack

9.The particles released from vehicles ______.

A. build up in the blood

B. become blockages in the arteries

C. make the blood more sticky

D. do harm to the heart

9.According to the studies, which of the following is NOT a likely cause of heart attack？

A. Stress

B. Noise

C. Air pollution

D. Traffic accident

9.What suggestion do experts make to lower the risk？

A. Reducing traffic as much as possible.

B. Living away from nose.

C. Planting more trees in the city.

D. Making vehicles clean.

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第2题

Sleep Deficit（不足)Judging from recent surveys, most experts in sleep behavior. agree that

Sleep Deficit(不足)

Judging from recent surveys, most experts in sleep behavior. agree that is virtually an epidemic of sleepiness in the nation. "I can't think of a single study that hasn't found Americans getting less sleep than they ought to. " says Dr. David. Even people who think they are sleeping enough would probably be better off with more rest.

The beginning of our sleep-deficit crisis can be traced to the invention of the light bulb a century ago. From diary entries and other personal accounts from the 18th 19th centuries, sleep scientists have reached the conclusion that the average person used to sleep about 9. 5 hours a night. "The best sleep habits once were forced on us, when we had nothing to do in the evening down on the farm, and it was dark. " By the 1950s and 1960s, that sleep schedule had been reduced dramatically, to between 7. 5 and 8 hours, and most people had to wake to an alarm clock. "People cheat on their sleep, and they don't even realize they're doing it, " says Dr. David. "They think they're okay because they can get by on 6. 5 hours, when they really need 7. 5, 8 or even more to feel ideally vigorous. "

"Perhaps the most merciless robber of sleep, " researchers say, "is the complexity of the day. " Whenever pressures from work, family, friends and community mount, many people consider sleep the least expensive item on his program. "In our society, you're considered dynamic if you say you only need 5. 5 hours' sleep. If you've got to get 8. 5 hours, people think you lack drive and ambition. "

To determine the consequences of sleep deficit, researchers have put subjects through a set of psychological and performance tests requiring them, for instance, to add columns of numbers or re call a page read to them only minutes earlier. "We've found that if you're in sleep deficit, performance suffers, " says Dr. David. "Shot-term memory is weakened, as are abilities to make decision and to concentrate.

People in the 18th and 19th centuries used to sleep about 5 hours a night because they had ______.

A．no drive and ambition

B．no electric lighting

C．the best sleep habits

D．a lot to of the next day

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第3题

阅读理解：If you think a high-factor sunscreen（防晒霜)keeps you safe from harmful rays, you may be wrong

Question 1 to 5 are based on the following passage.

If you think a high-factor sunscreen(防晒霜)keeps you safe from harmful rays, you may be wrong. Research in this week's Nature shows that while factor 50 reduces the number of melanomas(黑瘤)and delays their occurrence, it can't prevent them. Melanomas are the most aggressive skin cancers. You have a higher risk if you have red or blond hair, fair skin, blue or green eyes, or sunburn easily, or if a close relative has had one. Melanomas are more common if you have periodic intense exposure to the sun. Other skin cancers are increasingly likely with long-term exposure.

There is continuing debate as to how effective sunscreen is in reducing melanomas—the evidence is weaker than it is for preventing other types of skin cancer. A 2011 Australian study of 1,621 people found that people randomly selected to apply sunscreen daily had half the rate of melanomas of people who used cream as needed. A second study, comparing 1,167 people with melanomas to 1,101 who didn't have the cancer, found that using sunscreen routinely, alongside other protection such as hats, long sleeves or staying in the shade, did give some protection. This study said other forms of sun protection—not sunscreen—seemed most beneficial. The study relied on people remembering what they had done over each decade of their lives, so it's not entirely reliable. But it seems reasonable to think sunscreen gives people a false sense of security in the sun.

Many people also don't use sunscreen properly-applying insufficient amounts, failing to reapply after a couple of hours and staying in the sun too long. It is sunburn that is most worrying-recent shows five episodes of sunburn in the teenage years increases the risk of all skin cancers.

The good news is that a combination of sunscreen and covering up can reduce melanoma rates, as shown by Australian figures from their slip-slop-slap campaign. So if there is a heat wave this summer, it would be best for us, too, to slip on a shirt, slop on(抹上)sunscreen and slap on a hat.

1.What is people's common expectation of a high-factor sunscreen？

A.It will delay the occurrence of skin cancer.

B.It will protect them from sunburn.

C.It will keep their skin smooth and fair.

D.It will work for people of any skin color.

2.What does the research in Nature say about a high-factor sunscreen？

A.It is ineffective in preventing melanomas.

B.It is ineffective in case of intense sunlight.

C.It is ineffective with long-term exposure.

D.It is ineffective for people with fair skin.

3.What do we learn from the 2011Australian study of 1,621 people？

A.Sunscreen should be applied alongside other protection measures.

B.High-risk people benefit the most from the application of sunscreen.

C.Irregular application of sunscreen does women more harm than good.

D.Daily application of sunscreen helps reduce the incidence of melanomas.

4.What does the author say about the second Australian study？

A.It misleads people to rely on sunscreen for protection.

B.It helps people to select the most effective sunscreen.

C.It is not based on direct observation of the subjects.

D.It confirms the results of the first Australian study.

5.What does the author suggest to reduce melanoma rates？

A.Using both covering up and sunscreen.

B.Staying in the shade whenever possible.

C.Using covering up instead of sunscreen.

D.Applying the right amount of sunscreen.

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第4题

The most extraordinary dream I ever had was one in which I fancied that, as I was going in

to a theater, the cloak-room attendant (21) me in the lobby and insisted on my (22) my legs behind. I was not

surprised; but I was considerably annoyed. I said I had (23) heard of such a rule at any respectable theater (24) , and that I considered it a most absurd regulation. The man replied that he was very (25) , but that those were his instructions. People complained that they could not get to and from their (26) comfortably, because other people's legs were always in the (27) ; and it had, therefore, been decided that (28) should leave their legs outside. It seemed to me that the management, in making this order, had gone (29) their legal right; and, under ordinary circum- stances, I should have disputed it. However, I didn't want to (30) a disturbance; and (31) I sat down and meekly prepared to comply with the demand. I had never before (32) that the human leg could be unscrewed. I had always (33) it was more securely fixed. But the man showed me how to undo them, and I found that they came off (34) easily. The discovery did not surprise (35) any more than the original request that I should take them off. Nothing does surprise one in a dream.

21.

A. called

B. helped

C. stopped

D. met

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第5题

Soccer is played by millions of people all over the world, but there have only been a few

players who were truly great. How did these players get that way--was it through training and practice, or are great players" born, not made" ？ First, these players came from places that have had famous stars in the past--players that a young boy can look up to and try to imitate. In the history of soccer, only six countries have ever won the World Cup--three from South America and three from western Europe. There has never been a great national team--or a really great player--from North America or from Asia. Second, these players have all had years of practice in the game. Alfredo Di Stefano was the son of a soccer player, as was Pele. Most players begin playing the game at the age of three or four.

Finally, many great players come from the same kind of neighborhood--a poor, crowded area where a boy's dream is not to be a doctor, lawyer, or businessman, but to become a rich, famous athlete or entertainer. For example, Liverpool, which produced the Beatles, had one of the best English soccer teams in recent years. Pele practiced in the street with a "ball" made of rags. And George Best learned the tricks that made him famous by bouncing the ball off a wall in the slums of Belfast.

All great players have a lot in common, but that doesn't explain why they are great. Hundreds of boys played in those Brazilian streets, but only one became Pele. The greatest players are born with some unique quality that sets them apart from all the others.

According to the author, which of the following statements is true？

A．Soccer is popular all over the world, but truly great players are rare.

B．Millions of people all over the world are playing soccer, but only six countries have ever hadfamous stars.

C．Soccer is played by millions of people all over the world, but only six countries from SouthAmerica and western Europe have ever had great national teams.

D．All over the world soccer is one of the most popular games, but it seems least popular in North America or Asia.

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第6题

The agricultural revolution in the nineteenth century involved two things: the invention o

f labor-saving machinery and the development of scientific agriculture. Labor-saving machinery naturally appeared first where labor was scarce. "In Europe", said Thomas Jefferson," the object is to make the most of their land, labor being abundant; here it is to make the most of our labor, land being abundant." It was in America, therefore, that the great advances in nineteenth-century agricultural machinery first came. At the opening of the century, with the exception of a crude plow, farmers could have carried practically all of the existing agricultural implements (农具) on their backs; by 1860,most of the machinery in use today had been designed in an early form. The most important of the early inventions was the iron plow. As early as 1790 Charles New-bold of New Jersey had been working on the idea of a cast-iron plow and spent his entire fortune in introducing his invention. The farmers, however, would have none of it, claiming that the iron poisoned the soil and made the weeds grow. Nevertheless, many people devoted their attention to the plow, until in 1869 James Oliver of South Bend, Indiana, turned out the first chilled-steel (冷淬钢) plow.

What is the main topic of the passage？ ()

A．The need for agricultural advances to help feed a growing population.

B．The development of safer machines demanded by the labor movement.

C．Machinery that contributed to the agricultural revolution.

D．New Jersey as a leader in the agricultural revolution.

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第7题

Traveling can be fun and easy. A vacation trip to another country is especially enjoyable

when the traveling conditions are good. Good traveling conditions (11) a comfortable mode of transportation，knowledge of the country's language，familiarity (12) the customs and habits of the people in the country，and pleasant traveling companions. All of US have had nice trips (13) this.

Most of us have also had trips that we would (14) to forget. Many conditions Can produce a bad traveling experience. For example，if the four conditions listed above do not exist，we will probably have a bad experience， (15) at best a difficult (16) . Students who travel to a foreign country to study often have a difficult trip. They usually travel alone. They don't know the language of the new country (17) . They often arrive in the new country (18) a huge international airport. From the airport，they need to find their way to their school. Maybe they need to change airplanes，to take a bus，a train，or a taxi. They need to do all this in a country (19) everything is unfamiliar. Later，after the experiences are over，they Can laugh. But at the (20) ，they feel terrible.

A. include

B. conclude

C. hold

D. contain

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第8题

There have been many great【21】. The first great invention was one that is still very impor

tant to day--the wheel. This made it easier to carry【22】things and to travel long distances.

In the early 1800s the world【23】to change. There was little unknown land left in the world. People did not have to explore much any more. They began to work instead to make life belier.

In the second half of the 19th century many great inventions were made. Among them were the camera, the electric light and the radio. These all became a big part【24】our life today.

The first part of the 20th century saw more great inventions: the helicopter in 1909, movies with sound in 1926, the computer in 1928, and jet planes in 1930. This was also a time【25】a new material was first made. Nylon came out in 1935. It changed the kind of clothes people wore.

The middle part of the 20th century brought new ways to help people【26】disease. They worked very well. They made people healthier and let them live【27】lives. By the 1960's most people could expect to live to be at least 60.

By this time most people had a very good life.' Of course new inventions continued to be made. Man began【28】ways to go into space. Russia made the first step. Then the United States took a step. Since then other countries, including China and Japan, have made their steps into space.

In 1969 man took his biggest step away from earth. Americans first walked on the moon. This is certainly just a【29】though. New inventions will someday allow us to do things we have never yet【30】.

(56)

A．discoveries

B．creations

C．invention

D．inventions

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第9题

Like most people, I was brought up to look upon life as a process of getting. It was not u

ntil in my late thirties that I made this important discovery: giving away makes life so much more exciting. You need not worry if you lack money. This is how I experimented with giving away. If an idea for improving the window display of a neighborhood store flashes to me, I step in and make the suggestion to the storekeeper. One discovery I made about giving away is that it is almost impossible to give away anything in this world without getting something back, though the return often comes in an unexpected form. One Sunday morning the local post office delivered an important special delivery letter to my home, though it was addressed to me at my office. I wrote the postmaster a note of appreciation. More than a year later I needed a post office box for a new business I was starting. I was told at the window that there were no boxes left, and that my name would have to go on a long waiting list. As I was about to leave, the postmaster appeared in the doorway. He had overheard our conversation. " Wasn't it you that wrote us that letter a year ago about delivering a special delivery to your home？ " I said yes. "Well, you certainly are going to have a box in this post office if we have to make one for you. You don't know what a letter like that means to us. We usually get nothing but complaints.

From the passage, we understand that______.

A．the author did not understand the importance of giving until he was in late thirties

B．the author was like most people who were mostly receivers rather than givers

C．the author received the same education as most people during his childhood

D．the author liked most people as they looked upon life as a process of getting

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第10题

Historians can't tell us when, where or 【71】 the first food was cooked. In earliest 【72】 w

hen people had eaten their food 【73】 , an fire was used only to provide heat and light.

The first primitive cooks were 【74】 women, 【75】 preparing food and making clothing were considered women's work. 【76】 most of the great chefs in history have been men. This might have been because chefs learned 【77】 work in the kitchens of rich families 【78】 in restaurants and women didn't often take jobs outside their homes, or it might have been because kitchen equipment was so heavy and difficult to work with 【79】 only strong men could do it. In modern times, great female chefs have become known, and some of the best cook books 【80】 by women.

(71)

A．who

B．which

C．how

D．what

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第11题

Like a needle climbing up a bathroom scale, the number keeps rising. In 1991, 15% of Ameri

cans were obese (肥胖的); by 1999, that proportion had grown to 27%. Youngsters, who should have age and activity on their side, are growing larger as well: 19% of Americans under 17 are obese. Waistbands have been popping in other western countries too, as physical activity has dechned and diets have expanded. By and large, people in the rich world seem to have lost the fight against flab (松弛).

Meanwhile, poorer nations have enjoyed some success in their battles against malnutrition and famine. Bat, according to research presented at the annual meeting of the American Association for the Advancement of Science, it is more a case of being out of the frying pan and into the fire. The most striking example actually in the poor world comes from the Pacific islands, home of the world's most obese communities. In 1966, 14% of the men on this island were obese while 100% of men under the age of 30 in 1996 were obese.

This increase in weight has been uneven as well as fast. As a result, undernourished and overnourished people frequently live cheek by jowl (面颊). The mix can even occur within a single household. A study of families in Indonesia found that nearly 10% contained both the hungry and the fat. This is a mysterious phenomenon, but might have something to do with people of different ages being given different amounts of food to eat.

The prospect of heading off these problems is bleak. In many affected countries there are cultural factors to contend with, such as an emphasis on eating large meals together, or on food as a form. of hospitality. Moreover, there is a good measure of disbelief on the part of policymakers that such a problem could exist in their countries. Add to that reluctance on the part of governments to spend resources on promoting diet and exercise while starvation is still a real threat, and the result is a recipe for inaction. Unless something is done soon, it might not be possible to turn the clock back.

The first sentence of the passage most probably implies that ________.

A．many Americans are obsessed with the rising temperature in their bathroom

B．more people are overweighed in the United States

C．people are doing more physical exercises with the help of scales

D．youngsters become taller and healthier thanks to more activities

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Most people have had a dog or wanted one as their companion at some time in their lives. I