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A conflict B confrontation C disturbance D disharmony
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Although the forests could initially supply sufficient timber, the process of lumbering was extremely difficult, particularly because of the lack of roads. Later, when the timber on the peninsula had been depleted, wood had to be brought from some distance. Building stone was also in short sup ply. However, as clay was plentiful, it was inevitably that the colonists would turn to brickmaking.
In addition to practical reasons for using brick as the principal construction material, there was also an ideological reason. Brick represented durability and permanence. The Virginia company of London instructed the colonists to build hospitals and new residences out of brick. In 1662, the town Act of the Virginia Assembly provided for the construction of thirty-two brick buildings and prohibited the use of wood as a construction material. Had this law ever been successfully enforced, James town would have been a model city. Instead, the residents failed to comply fully with the law; and by 1699 Jamestown had collapsed into a pile of rubble with only three or four houses where people could stay.
What is the subject of this passage？
A．The reasons for brickmaking in Jamestown.
B．The cause of the failure of Jamestown.
C．The laws of the Virginia colonists.
D．The problems of the early American colonies.
Bacteria (细菌) are extremely small living things. While we measure our own sizes in inches or centimeters, bacterial size is measured in microns. One micron is a thousandth of a millimeter: a pinhead is about a millimeter across. Rod-shaped bacteria are usually from two to four microns long, while rounded ones are generally one micron in diameter. Thus, if you enlarged a rounded bacterium a thousand times, it would be just about the size of a pinhead. An adult human magnified by the same amount would be over a mile (1.6 kilometers) tall.
Even with an ordinary microscope, you must look closely to see bacteria. Using a magnification of 100 times, one finds that bacteria are barely visible as tiny rods or dots. One cannot make out anything of their structure. Using special stains, one can see that some bacteria have attached to them wavy-looking "hairs" called flagella. Others have only one flagellum. The flagella rotate, pushing the bacteria through the water. Many bacteria lack flagella and cannot move about by their own power, while others can glide along over surfaces by some little-understood mechanism.
From the bacterial point of view the world is a very different place from what it is to humans.To a bacterium water is as thick as molasses (糖蜜) is to us. Bacteria are so small that they are influenced by the movements of the chemical molecules around them. Bacteria under the microscope even those with no flagella often bounce about in the water. This is because they collide with the water molecules and are pushed this way and that molecules move so rapidly that within a tenth of a second the molecules around a flagellum have been replaced by new ones. Even bacteria without flagella are thus constantly exposed to a changing environment.
Which of the following is the main topic of the passage？
A．The characteristics of bacteria.
B．How bacteria reproduce.
C．The various functions of bacteria.
D．How bacteria contribute to disease.
1.Better learning strategies can make language learning more() .
A、fun
B、interesting
C、efficient
D、exciting
2.Teachers should encourage students to rely more on ______.
A、books
B、notes
C、tutors
D、themselves
3.Learning strategies are unobservable mental processes, so teachers should make them ______.
A、simpler
B、more familiar
C、more concrete
D、more applicable
4.Which of the following statements is true？ ()
A、Students learn learning strategies from the teachers only.
B、Learning strategies are completely unobservable.
C、Students need to explore new learning strategies for themselves.
D、Teachers are the sole judges of students’ progress.
5.Students who reflect on their own ______ will be more successful in learning.
A、thinking
B、evaluation
C、performance
D、activities
Such a loss might be acceptable if light pollution were the inevitable price of progress , as it is not. Most sky glow is unnecessary. It _____2_____ mainly from lighting sources that do little to increase nighttime safety，security or utility. They produce only glare, _____3_____ over one billion dollars annually in the U. S. alone.
For science, the impact has been even more dramatic. _____4_____ require observations of extremely faint objects that can only be made with advanced devices at sites free of air pollution and urban sky glow. For example, some images of the objects can offer information about faraway corners of the universe, _____5_____ us understand the way in which our world was actually formed, yet the light from these objects can be lost at the very end of its journey in the glare of our own sky.
Reducing light pollution is not _____6_____. It _____7_____ that public officials and citizens be aware of the problem and act to counter it. As individuals, people can help _____8_____ sky glow just by using lighting only, when necessary.
The stars above us are a _____9_____ heritage. We must _____10_____ our best to preserve it.
[A] priceless [B] stars [C] helping [D] coming [E] requires [F] comes [G] science
[H] scientists [I] did [J] do [K] easy [L] costing [M] reducing [N] difficult [O] reduce
Until recently, the observation-intensive approach needed for accurate, very short range forecasts, or "nowcasts" , was impracticable. The cost of equipping and operating many thousands of conventional weather stations was extremely high, and the difficulties involved in rapidly collecting and processing the raw weather data from such a network were beyond overcoming. Fortunately, scientific and technological advance have overcome most of these problems. Radar systems, automated weather instruments , and satellites are all capable of making detailed, nearly continuous observations over large regions at a relatively low cost. Communication satellites can transmit data around the world cheaply and immediately, and modern computers can quickly compile and analyze this large volume of weather information. Meteorologists (气象学家) and computer scientists now work together to design computer programs and video equipment capable of transforming raw weather data into words, symbols, and vivid graphic displays that forecasters can interpret easily and quickly. As meteorologists have begun using these new technologies in weather forecasting offices, nowcasting is becoming a reality.
What is the best title of the passage？
A．Severe Thunderstorms and Damages
B．Weather Forecasting and Life-threatening
C．Science Advances and Nowcasts
D．Available Data and Nowcasts
