题目内容
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If more people shared a ride, there would be ______.
A．fewer cars on the road
B．higher insurance rates
C．more highway accidents
D．more cars on the road
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There is no doubt that something of this kind will happen. The shorter working week, longer holidays, earlier retirement, job-sharing -- these and other ways of reducing the amount of time people spend on their jobs -- are certainly likely to spread. A mix of part-time paid work and part-time unpaid work is likely to become a much more common work pattern than today, and a flexi-life pattern of work -- involving paid employment at certain stages of life, but not at others -- will become widespread. But it is surely unrealistic to assume that this will make it possible to restore full employment as the dominant form. of work.
In the first place, so long as employment remains the overwhelmingly important form. of work and source of income for most people that it is today, it is very difficult to see how reductions in employees' working time can take place on a scale sufficiently large and at a pace sufficiently fast to make it possible to share out the available paid employment to everyone who wants it. Such negotiations as there have recently been, for example in Britain and Germany, about the possibility of introducing a 35-hour working week, have highlighted some of the difficulties. But, secondly, if changes of this kind were to take place at a pace and on a scale sufficient to make it possible to share employment among all who wanted it, the resulting situation --in which most people would not be working in their jobs for more than two or three short days a week -- could hardly continue to be one in which employment was still regarded as the only truly valid form. of work. There would be so many people spending so much of their time on other activities, including other forms of useful work, that the primacy of employment would be bound to be called into question, at least to some extent.
The author uses the negotiations in Britain and Germany as an example to
A．support reductions in employees' working time.
B．indicate employees are unwilling to share jobs.
C．prove the possibility of sharing paid employment.
D．show that employment will lose its dominance.
As long as the resources we consumed each year came primarily from within our own boundaries, this was largely an internal matter. But as our resources come more and more from the outside world, "outsiders" are going to have some stay over the rate at which and terms under which we consume. We will no longer be able to think in terms of "our" resources and "their" resources, but only of common resources.
As Americans consuming such a disproportionate share of the world's resources, we have to question whether or not we can continue our pursuit of super affluence in a world of scarcity. We are now reaching the point where we must carefully examine the presumed link between our level of well-being and the level of material goods consumed. If you have only one crust of bread, then an additional crust of bread doesn't make that much different. In the eyes of most of the world today, Americans have their loaf of bread and are asking for still more. People elsewhere are beginning to ask why. This is the question we're going to have to answer, whether we're trying to persuade countries to step up their exports of oil to us or trying to convince them that we ought to be permitted to maintain our share of the world fish catch.
The prospect of a scarcity of, and competition for, the world's resources require that we reexamine the way in which we relate to the rest of the world. It means we find ways of cutting back on resource consumption that is dependent on the resources and cooperation of other countries. We cannot expect people in these countries to concern themselves with our worsening energy and food shortages unless we demonstrate some concern for the hunger, illiteracy and disease that are diminishing life for them.
The writer warns Americans that ______.
A．their excessive consumption has caused world resource exhaustion
B．they are confronted with the problem of how to obtain more material goods
C．their unfair share of the world's resources should give way to proper division among countries
D．they have to discard their cars for lack of fossil fuel in the world
Different people go to stock markets. Some are rich, who want to get more money than they have. Others are not rich, who buy stocks and try to become rich. Still others buy stocks as part of their plan to save money. Of course, investing money in the stock market is not the safest way to make money. No one can tell exactly whether the shares will be doing well. The factory or the company may do badly. Then the stocks will go down, and investors will lose money. The stock may go up or down for a number of untold reasons. Everyone wants the stock go up, but sometimes even if a factory or company does a good job, the stock may still go down.
No wonder going to the stock market is often compared to gambling (赌博) . All are anxious to make money by "gambling" in the stock market. Factories and companies that need money are pleased that so many people are willing to "gamble".
According to the passage, if you have a share of a company or a factory, it means that you______.
A．can buy the company or the factory
B．can sell the company or the factory
C．will become the owner of the company or the factory
D．are one of the owners of the company or the factory
(80) Sociologists are interested in how a society began and how it grew. They also study the levels within a society. For example, the child is part of the family, the family is part of the neighborhood, and the neighborhood is part of the community. There are many different groups, and sociologists are interested in the effect that these groups have on people.
A Frenchman named Auguste Comte made sociology a separate science in the 1830s. He suggested that a new science was necessary to study a society of people. A famous book, Principles of Sociology, was published by an Englishman, Herbert Spencer, in 1882. This book had an unprecedented (史无前例的) effect on the science of sociology. In this book, Spencer theorized that a society's customs evolved, or grew, from very simple to more complicated and advanced. This theory shows the influence that Charles Darwin (who believed that man had evoked from very simple forms to the present human) had on Spencer.
What is the best title for this passage？
A．Society.
B．People's Interests.
C．Society in Different Nations.
D．Sociology.
Job sharing differs from conventional part-time work in that it occurs mainly in the more highly skilled and professional areas, which require higher levels of responsibility and employee commitment.
Job sharing should not be confused with the term work sharing, which refers to increasing the number of jobs by reducing the number of hours of each existing job, thus offering more positions to the growing number of unemployed people. Job sharing, by contrast, is not designed to address unemployment problems; its focus, rather, is to provide well-paid work for skilled workers and professionals who want more free time for other activities.
As would be expected, women constitute the bulk of job sharers. A survey carried out in 1988 by Britain's Equal Opportunities Commission revealed that 78 per cent of sharers were female, the majority of whom were between 20 and 40 years of age. Subsequent studies have come up with similar results. Many of these women were re-entering the job market after having had children, but they chose not to seek part-time work because it would have meant lower status. Job sharing also offered an acceptable shift back into full-time work after a long absence.
The necessity of close cooperation when sharing a job with another person makes the actual work quite different from conventional one-position jobs. However, to ensure a greater chance that the partnership will succeed, each person needs to know the strengths, weaknesses and preferences of his or her partner before applying for a position. Moreover, there must be a fair division of both routine tasks and interesting ones. In sum, for a position to be job-shared well, the two individuals must be well matched and must treat each other as equals.
"Employee commitment" in Paragraph 2 refers to the employee's______.
A．qualification
B．loyalty
C．experience
D．achievement
Extended family
In an extended family, all the people share one household. Apart from parents and children, there may be other family members: grandparents, aunts, uncles, cousins, etc. That is to say, a large family may have more than two generations, and often there are more than two adults from different generations of a family.
The family members live together for many reasons. They may help to bring up children or to take care of an ill relative. They may also help with saving money. Sometimes children are brought up by their grandparents, for their parents have died or can never take care of them. Many grandparents look after the children, particularly when both parents are busy working. This large family is called extended family. It can be found all over the world. The number of these families has increased by 40 percent in the past ten years. Most of such families live happily together.
操作提示：句子正确选择下拉选项框为“T”；句子错误选择下拉选项框为“F”。
1. In an extended family, people live in different houses.（）
2. An extend family includes at least three generations. （）
3.In an extended family, children are looked after by their grandparents because their parents are traveling around. （）
4. Extended families can be found all over the world. （）
5. Children can live happily with their parents and grandparents. （）
For example, it is recorded in many history books that people who lived over 3000 years ago ate salted fish. Thousands of years ago in Egypt, salt was used to preserve the dead.
In some periods of history, a person who stole salt was thought to have broken the law. Take the eighteenth century for example, if a person was caught stealing salt, he would be thrown into prison. History also records that only in England about ten thousand people were put into prison during that century for stealing salt! About 450 years ago, in the year 1553, if a man took more than his share of salt, he would be thought to have broken the law and would be seriously punished. The offender's ear was cut off.
Salt was an important item on the dinner table of a king. It was always put in front of the king when he sat down to eat. Important guests at the king's table were seated near the salt. Less important guests were given seats farther away from it.
Thousands of years ago in Egypt salt was used ______.
A．to punish people who had broken the law
B．to keep dead bodies from decay
C．to keep fish alive
D．to make chemicals
For example, it is recorded in many history books the people who lived over three thousand years ago ate salted fish. Thousands of years ago in Egypt, salt was used to preserve the dead.
In some periods of history, a person who stole salt was thought to have broken the law. Take the eighteenth century for an example, if a person was caught stealing salt, he would be thrown into prison. History also records that only in England about ten thousand people were put into prison during that century for stealing salt! About one hundred and fifty years ago, in the year 1553, if a man took more than his share of salt, he would be thought to have broken the law and would be seriously punished. The offender' s ear was cut off.
Salt was an important item on the dinner table of a king. It was always placed in front of the king when he sat down to eat. Important guests at the king' s table were seated near the salt. Less important guests were given seats farther away from it.
Thousands of years ago in Egypt, salt was used ______.
A．to punish people who had broken the law
B．to keep dead bodies from decay
C．to keep fish alive
D．to make chemicals
They increase eyestrain due to poor screen resolution, replace a relatively cheap commodity with a more expensive one, and displace workers in print book production and traditional publishing. E-books make it easy to share data, thereby threatening copyright agreements and reducing compensation of authors, as well as creating nonbiodegradable (不可生物降解的) trash.
On the other hand, e-books save paper and trees, reduce the burden of the carrying and storing of printed books, promote self-sufficiency in learning, and make reading a collaborative experience online. They also create new jobs for writers and artists and encourage self-publishing.
In final analysis, Ohler points out, e-books should gain society's approval if a few conditions are met: make them biodegradable and recyclable, solve the problem of eye fatigue (疲劳), be sure the "have-nots" get the technology, and support e-book training in schools and business.
What is the author's purpose of writing the passage？
A．Draw people's attention to the disadvantages of e-books.
B．Call on people to reject e-books.
C．Criticize schools and business that don't provide e-books.
D．Encourage people to use e-books.
Samuel Preston, a sociologist at the University of Pennsylvania, studied how the American family is changing. He reported that by the time the average American couple reaches about 40 years of age, their parents are usually still alive. The statistics show the change in lifestyles and responsibilities of aging (老龄化) Americans. The average middle-aged couple can look forward to caring for elderly parents sometime after their own children have grown up. Moreover, because people today live longer after an illness than people did years ago, family members must provide long-term care. These facts also mean that after caregivers provide for their elderly parents, who will eventually die, they will be old and may require care too. When they do, their spouses (配偶) will probably take care of them because they have had fewer children than their parents did.
Because Americans are living longer than ever, more social workers have begun to study ways of caregiving to improve the care of the elderly. They have found that all caregivers share a common characteristic; They believe that they are the best people for the job. The social workers have also discovered three basic reasons why the caregivers take on the responsibility of caring for an elderly, dependent relative. Many caregivers believe they had an obligation (职责) to help their relatives. Some think that helping others makes them feel more useful. Others hope that by helping someone now, they will deserve care when they become old and dependent.
Samuel Preston's study shows that______.
A．lifestyles and responsibilities of the elderly are not changing
B．most American couples over 40 have no living parents
C．middle-aged Americans have to take care of their children and parents at the same time
D．elderly people may need care for a long time because they live longer after an illness
In short, we talk about everything but money itself. In daily life, money is still a major conversational taboo. This is a shame, because money is as interesting as the things it does and buys, and the more you know about it, the more interesting it is.
As a financial advisor, I’ve seen hundreds of people learn to control their money instead of letting it control them and watched as they increased as they increased their freedom, power and security by handling money consciously. Wouldn’t you like to know that you’ll always have enough money to live exactly as you want to？
You will never be powerful in life until you ’re powerful over your own money. Talking openly about it is the first step.
Which of the following is NOT discussed when we talk about money？
A.The careers that bring us money
B.The causes we support
C.The dreams that only money can make real
D.Money itself
What can we know from the second paragraph？A.We should know more about money itself rather than avoid talking about it.
B.Money itself can interest us and bring us happiness.
C.The more money we earn, the more we should know about it.
D.It is a shame that people talk too much about money.
What does the writer want to say in the third paragraph？A.People should learn how to make money.
B.People should know the value of money.
C.People should learn to control their money.
D.People should know how to use money to increase their power.
The writer’s advice that _____.A.the more you talk about money, the more you can control it.
B.we should learn to be a good master of our money if we want to be powerful in life
C.we should not be so worried about money if we want to have a free life
D.the more money you have, the more powerful you are
What will the writer probably talk about after the last paragraph？A.The importance of money
B.Money, power and security
C.The other steps for people to control money
D.The steps for people to make money
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