We spend our leisure hours efficiently for higher production, live by the clock even when time does not matter, modernize our homes and speed the machinery of living in order that we can go to the mos

第1题

As students we should ___________ all our efforts on our study.

A.concentrate

B.cost

C.spend

D.make

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第2题

The teacher demanded a lot of time practising our spoken English out of class.A．us to spen

The teacher demanded a lot of time practising our spoken English out of class.

A．us to spend

B．us that we should spend

C．us spending

D．that we spend

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第3题

What do we mean by a satisfactory standard of living？ Obviously, it must include the basic

necessities of life such as food, clothing and shelter. To get these necessities on regular basis, a person must have a reliable income. But we have other needs which would probably also be included as basic, such as health and education facilities.

We may think of all of these as our needs. Yet most of us would be far from satisfied if we had nothing more than these which are supplied for us. (78) We all enjoy extra income to spend on things like books, sports or hobbies. Sometimes we save some of this extra income to pay for future expense of this type on holidays. So we must add our wants to our basic needs. Our standard of living is the degree, to which these needs and wants are satisfied.

But as time goes on, what we think of as our basic needs changes. Twenty years ago a television would have been a luxury, and still is in many countries now. Even now we cannot say it is a need in the same sense as food, clothing and shelter. Yet if most of the people of a country have one, it comes to be accepted as a need．It is possible therefore to have food, clothing and shelter and still be poor by the standards of our own society.

What we need in life is divided into ________ according to this article.

A．the basic necessities and luxury

B．many kinds of need such as food, clothing and houses

C．four groups the basic necessities, luxury, reliable income and future expense

D．the basic necessities and reliable income

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第4题

Few Americans remain in one position or one place for a lifetime. We moving from town to c

ity to suburb, from high school to college in a different state, from a job in one region to a better job elsewhere, from the home where we raise our children to the home where we plan to live in retirement. With each moving we are forever making new friends, who become part of our new life at that time.

For many of us summer is a special time for forming new friendships. Today millions of Americans vacation abroad, and they go not only to see new sights but also with the hope of meeting new people. No one really expects a vacation trip to produce a close friend, but the beginning of a friendship is possible.

The word "friend" can be applied to a wide range of relationships—to someone one has known for a few weeks in a new place, to a fellow worker, to a childhood playmate, to a man or woman, to a trusted confidant (知己) .

The reasons why many Americans move from place to place are as follows except______.

A．saving money

B．getting a better job

C．going to college

D．finding a place to spend the rest of the life

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第5题

Much has been written about the potential for management to become isolated from customers

and employees. This phenomenon often occurs not just within top management, but also within middle management.

I've seen this isolation phenomenon in many companies. The symptoms are quite apparent: Managers spend a great deal of time talking to themselves and studying operating numbers. They spend precious little time with customers or with employees, trying to understand the system of the business. And when they do spend time with them, they often do not probe deeply into needs, concerns, and opportunities. This phenomenon, often referred to as being" internally focused," can be tremendously insidious.

Although the need for understanding and spending time with customers has been well documented, I find few managers spending time in the field. The benefits of doing so are clear. A visit with your counterparts at customers' distribution centers, for example, not only builds relationships that can prove useful when problems arise, but also uncovers numerous opportunities to enhance your performance and deepen your company's linkage with those customers.

There are many ways to connect with and understand employee perspectives. Some companies have found formal sessions in which senior managers solicit ideas from employees to be very useful. These can be run either as focus groups or as structured discussions.

Managers also should exploit every opportunity to gather organizational knowledge from employees. Some successful managers collect employees' opinions by what often is referred to as" managing by walking around" or the" 10-minute cup of coffee. "They may, for example, go to employees' offices and solicit, their opinions. Or at lunch or when they take a cup of coffee, they" mix with the troops" and solicit their input.

Rather than talk about the latest game, you can solicit employees' ideas by asking questions like: What are you working on？ How's it going？ What's good about our organization？ What could be better？ How could we better serve our customers or improve our processes？ What do you think we Should be doing differently？

You'll be surprised at how valuable a" 10-minute cup of coffee" together with a brief conversation with an employee can be. It will make you a more effective manager.

What is the common problem in management？

A．Infrequent contact with customers and employees.

B．Managers spend little time on study.

C．Managers do not know their employees well.

D．Managers lack of experience.

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第6题

Section BDirections: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by som

Section B

Directions: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice.

Unfortunately sales results over the last year have failed to come up to our expectations. A number of factors have been responsible, but basically it is the result of too many companies chasing the microcomputer market which is no longer expanding as fast as it once was.

Looking at the past year in detail, it must be admitted that the sales have declined considerably over the period. Our market share in wholesales has dropped from 21% to only 10%. The lack of a good local distributor in Asia has meant that our sales of the Obec series have collapsed despite the huge jump in the microcomputer market there during the past year. Our dominance of that part of the market has been lost to Strong, but once we find a new distributor we should come back strongly.

Retail sales in general have been a problem. There has been a tendency for the big high street stores to concentrate on high volume turnover of a few fairly well-known makers. When they stopped promotion of the Obec 1500, sales slumped by 50%. We are negotiating a fresh marketing deal for the new Obec 1600. Once this is settled we expect a gradual rise in sales, which will be followed by a big TV advertising campaign at the appropriate time. What we are facing now is that we have not been able to push the Obec 1500 as much as we would have liked because of insufficient advertising.

Most of our advertising budget went on the promotion of the Obec Extra before last Christmas. Unfortunately we have failed consistently to find the proper marketing strategy for the Extra, which has not been sold to either the leisure or the business market.

The serious business market has performed worse than any other in the period under review. The main factor was the introduction of the new Legend 586 Plus, when sales reduced over a period of several months. With this background it is natural that sales of the Obec 1000 and 2000 have gone into a slide. They showed a slight upturn just after the introduction of the 586 Plus, only to crash again a few weeks later.

What purpose does this passage possibly serve？

A．A company introduction to its employees.

B．A market analysis for a specific industry to inform. a client.

C．An annual report of a company to direct its future decision.

D．A marketing strategy proposal for discussion.

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第7题

America is a mobile society. Friendships between Americans can be close and real, yet

disappear soon if situations change. Neither side feels hurt by this. Both may exchange Christmas greetings for a year or two, perhaps a few letters for a while — then no more. If the same two people meet again by chance, even years later, they pick up the friendship. This can be quite difficult for us Chinese to understand, because friendships between us flower more slowly but then may become lifelong feelings, extending (延伸) sometimes deeply into both families.

Americans are ready to receive us foreigners at their homes, share their holidays, and their home life. They will enjoy welcoming us and be pleased if we accept their hospitality (好客) easily.

Another difficult point for us Chinese to understand Americans is that although they include us warmly in their personal everyday lives, they don’t show their politeness to us if it requires a great deal of time. This is usually the opposite of the practice in our country where we may begenerous with our time. Sometimes, we, as hosts, will appear at airports even in the middle of the night to meet a friend. We may take days off to act as guides to our foreign friends. The Americans, however, express their welcome usually at homes, but truly can not manage the time to do a great deal with a visitor outside their daily routine. They will probably expect us to get ourselves from the airport to our own hotel by bus. And they expect that we will phone them from there. Once we arrive at their homes, the welcome will be full, warm and real. We will find ourselves treated hospitably.

For the Americans, it is often considered more friendly to invite a friend to their homes than to go to restaurants, except for purely business matters. So accept their hospitality at home!

1.The writer of this passage must be a Chinese.()

2. Americans will continue their friendships again even after a long break.()

3.From the last two paragraphs we can learn that when we arrive in America to visit an American friend, we will probably be warmly welcomed at the airport.()

4.The underlined words “generous with our time” in Paragraph 3 probably mean willing to spend time.

5.A suitable title for this passage would probably be “Americans’ and Chinese’s views of friendships”.()

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第8题

We develop our impressions of other countries and their people through books, movies, tele

vision, magazines, fellow students, and friends. But is there really any substitute for first-hand experience？

Come, spend a summer studying in the USA, and get to know people and a land which are incredibly rich in their variety. You may end up on an urban campus or a rural one, at a small school or a large one, in a cool climate or a warm one, in San Francisco or St. Louis. But whatever your experience, it will be first-hand, personal, alive, and unforgettable!

If you spend a summer studying in the USA, you'll have advantages which the tourist never will. Not only will you learn the subject matter of your choice, but you’ll gain an understanding of the American educational system as well. You'll experience the culture of the people and the dynamics of your physical environment. But above all, as a student you'll have a chance to meet Americans. Get to know them, communicate, exchange ideas and opinions, and hopefully form. friendships which will endure beyond the length of your stay in the USA.

The following articles will help you in deciding which summer program to choose, what to bring, and how to adjust to the life in the USA. But the first and most important decision is one which you can make right now. Why not say, "This summer, I'll be studying in the USA!"

According to the passage, our impressions of other countries and their people are usually developed ______.

A．through first-hand experience

B．in the very countries

C．through friendships with people

D．through various sources of experience

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第9题

Human needs seem endless. They might be regarded as making up several levels. When there i

s enough money to satisfy one level of needs, another level appears. The first and most basic level of needs involves food. Once this level is satisfied, the second level of needs, clothing and some sort of shelter, appears. By the end of World War II , these needs were satisfied for a great majority of Americans. Then a third level appeared. It included such items as automobiles and new houses. By 1957 or 1958 this third level of needs was fairly well satisfied. Then, in the late 1950s, a fourth level of needs appeared: the "life-enriching" level. While the other levels involve physical satisfaction, that is, the feeding, comfort, safety , and transportation, this level stresses mental needs for recognition, achievement, and happiness. It includes a variety of goods and services. Among them are vacation trips, the best medical and dental care, and recreation. Also included here are fancy goods and the latest styles in clothing. On the fourth level, a lot of money is spent on services, while on the first three levels more is spent on goods. A fifth level would probably involve needs that can be achieved best by community action. Consumers may be spending more on taxes to pay for government action against disease, ignorance, crime, and prejudice. After filling our stomachs, our clothes closets, our garages, our teeth, and our minds, we now may seek to ensure the health, safety, and leisure to enjoy more fully the good things on the first four levels.

According to the passage, man will begin to think about such needs as housing and clothing only when______.

A．he has saved up enough money

B．he has grown dissatisfied with his simple shelter

C．he has satisfied his hunger

D．he has learned to build houses

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第10题

选词填空：It's our guilty pleasure: Watching TV is the most common everyday activity, after work and sleep, in many parts of the world

Question 37 to 46 are based on the following passage.

It's our guilty pleasure: Watching TV is the most common everyday activity, after work and sleep, in many parts of the world. Americans view five hours of TV each day, and while we know that spending so much time sitting(37)_____ can lead to obesity(肥胖症)and other disease, researchers have now quantified just how(38)_____ being a couch potato can be.

In an analysis of data from eight large(39)_____ published studies, a Harvard-led group reported in the Journal of the American Medical Association that for every two hours per day spent channel(40)_____, the risk of developing Type 2 diabetes(糖尿病)rose 20% over 8.5 years, the risk of heart disease increased 15% over a(41)_____, and the odds of dying prematurely(42)_____ 13% during a seven-year follow-up. All of these(43)_____ are linked to a lack of physical exercise. But compared with other sedentary(久坐的)activities, like knitting, viewing TV may be especially(44)_____ at promoting unhealthy habits. For one, the sheer number of hours we pass watching TV dwarfs the time we spend on anything else. And other studies have found that watching ads for beer and popcorn may make you more likely to(45)_____ them.

Even so, the authors admit that they didn't compare different sedentary activities to(46)_____ whether TV watching was linked to a greater risk of diabetes, heart disease or early death compared with, say, reading.

A.climbed

B.consume

C.decade

D.determine

E.effective

F.harmful

G.outcomes

H.passively

I.previously

J.resume

K.suffered

L.surfing

M.term

N.terminals

O.twisting

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