题目内容
（请给出正确答案）
Nearly ______ hours were spent listening to the radio as watching television.
A．much
B．many
C．as much
D．as many
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Doctors have their own special sleep problems. Residents are famously short of sleep. It is not unusual for. them to work 40 hours in a row without rest. They are not in the least worried about it, confident they can still deliver the highest quality of medical care. But an article in the Journal of the American Medical Association points out that in the morning after 24 hours of sleeplessness, a person' s motor performance is comparable to that of someone who is drunk. Curiously, surgeons who believe that operating under the influence of alcohol is grounds for sacking often don' t think twice about operating without enough sleep.
"I could tell you horror stories," says Jaya Agrawal, president of the American Medical Student Association, which runs a website for residents. Some are terrifying." I was operating after being up for over 36 hours," one writes. "I literally fell asleep standing up and nearly planted my face into the wound."
"Practically every surgical resident I know has fallen asleep at the wheel driving home from work," writes another. "I know of three who have hit parked cars. Another hit a 'Jersey gate' on the New Jersey Expressway, going 105kin/h."
"Your own patients have become the enemy," writes a third, because they are "the one thing that stands between you and a few hours of sleep."
The U.S. controls the hours of pilots and truck drivers. But until such a system is in place for doctors, patients are on their own. If you're worded about the people treating you or a loved one, you should feel free to ask how many hours of sleep they have had and if more rested staffers are available.
Sleep is a funny thing because ______.
A．the longer one sleeps, the less sound sleep he gets
B．the more sleep one gets, the more likely a stroke occurs
C．many people stick to about eight hours of sleep to stay fine
D．many people who sleep six hours a night still feel energetic in the day
Some adults require little sleep; others need eight to ten hours in every twenty-four. Infants sleep sixteen to eighteen hours daily, the amount gradually going less as they grow older. Young students may need twelve hours; university students may need ten. A worker with a physically demanding job may also need ten, whereas an executive working under pressure may manage on six to eight. Many famous people are repute to have required little sleep. Napoleon Bonaparte, Thomas Edison, and Charles Darwin apparently averaged only four to six hours a night.
(77) Whatever your individual need, you can be sure that by the age of thirty you will have slept for a total of more than twelve years. By that age you will also have developed a sleep routine; a favorite hour, a favorite bed, a favorite posture (姿势), and a formula (程式) you need to follow in order to rest comfortably.
(78)Investigators have tried to find out how long a person can go without sleep. Several people have reached more than 115 hours nearly five days. Whatever the limit, it is absolute. Animals kept awake for from five to eight days have died of exhaustion. The limit for human beings is probably about a week.
The writer implies that ______.
A．sleep is important for good mental and physical health
B．a light sleep is as restful as a deep sleep
C．memory is improved during sleep
D．sleep is relatively unimportant for human beings
Brick by Brick (BBB) is a building business that provides a range of building services to the public. Recently they have been asked to quote for garage conversions (GC) and extensions to properties (EX) and have found that they are winning fewer GC contracts than expected.
BBB has a policy to price all jobs at budgeted total cost plus 50%. Overheads are currently absorbed on a labour hour basis. BBB thinks that a switch to activity based costing (ABC) to absorb overheads would reduce the cost associated to GC and hence make them more competitive.
You are provided with the following data:
A typical GC costs $3,500 in materials and takes 300 labour hours to complete. A GC requires only one site visit by a supervisor and needs only one planning document to be raised. The typical EX costs $8,000 in materials and takes 500 hours to complete. An EX requires six site visits and fi ve planning documents. In all cases labour is paid $15 per hour.
Required:
(a) Calculate the cost and quoted price of a GC and of an EX using labour hours to absorb the overheads. (5 marks)
(b) Calculate the cost and the quoted price of a GC and of an EX using ABC to absorb the overheads. (5 marks)
(c) Assuming that the cost of a GC falls by nearly 7% and the price of an EX rises by about 2% as a result of the change to ABC, suggest possible pricing strategies for the two products that BBB sells and suggest two reasons other than high prices for the current poor sales of the GC. (6 marks)
(d) One BBB manager has suggested that only marginal cost should be included in budget cost calculations as this would avoid the need for arbitrary overhead allocations to products. Briefl y discuss this point of view and comment on the implication for the amount of mark-up that would be applied to budget costs when producing quotes for jobs. (4 marks)
Early in November 1965, New York was blacked out by an electricity failure (停电). The Mayor promised that it would not happen again. Pessimists (悲观主义者) were certain that it would happen again within five years. In July 1977, there was a repeat performance which produced a serious disorder throughout the city. At that time the city was in one of its worst heat waves.
In 1965, there was little crime during the darkness, and fewer than a hundred people were arrested. In 1977, hundreds of stores were broken into and looted (劫掠). Nearly 4,000 people were arrested but far more disappeared into the darkness of the night. The number of policeman available was far from enough and some looters even carry guns.
Hospitals had to treat hundreds of people cut by glass from shop windows. Banks and most business remained closed the next day. The blackout started at 9:30 P.M., when lightning hit and knocked out supply cables. Many stores were thus caught by surprise. For twenty-four hours, New York realized how helpless it was without electricity.
According to the first paragraph, who were right: the authorities or the pessimists？
A．The authorities.
B．The pessimists.
C．Both.
D．Neither.
Passage Two
Questions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage.
Tides are created mainly by the pull of the moon on the earth. The moon's pull causes water in the oceans to be a little deeper at a point closest to the moon and also at a point farthest from the moon, on the opposite side of the earth. These two tidal “waves” follow the apparent movement of the moon around the earth and strike nearly every coast line at intervals of about twelve hours and twenty-five minutes. After reaching a high point, the water level goes down gradually for a little more than six hours and then begins to rise toward a new high point. Hence, most coast lines have two tides a day, and the tides occur fifty minutes later each day. Differences in the coast line and in channels in the ocean bottom may change the time that the tidal wave reaches different points along the same coast line. The difference in water level between high and low tide varies from day to day according to the relative positions of the sun and the moon. The sun also exerts a pull on the earth, although it is only about haft as strong as the pull of the tides arise higher and when they pull at right angles to one another. the tide is lower. The formation of the coast line and variations in the weather are additional factors which can affect the height of tides. Some sections of the coast are shaped in such a way as to cause much higher tides than are experienced in other areas. A strong wind blowing toward the shore may also cause tides to the higher.
Which of the following is right according to the passage？
A. Some coast lines do not have two tides each day.
B. Tides are not affected by the shape of coast line.
C. The sun has as much effect on tides as does the moon.
D. Tides usually rise to the same land day after day.
I could not decide why she chose my【44】, although I realized that nobody【45】paid her very much attention. Her situation was very difficult【46】she was straight out of drama school and only nineteen, being required to play a leading part in a company of fairly【47】and experienced actors. They【48】her much even if she had been good, and as, from all accounts (按照各种说法), she was not good they【49】every opportunity to speak evil against her. I think she thought I was the only person【50】who was both unconnected with the theatre and tolerably smart. And【51】, although I was irritated by her I did not【52】her. There was something attractive in her overflowing enthusiasm and she had【53】physical charm that with me she could【54】anything. She was nice to have around,【55】flowers or a bowl of fruit.
(66)
A．insulted
B．teased
C．irritated
D．flattered
A.It is lower than the Noah Rim．
B.It is hard to get，to even in good weather．
C.It is not open in winter months．
D.It attracts over。five million visitors each year．
Ⅳ. Reading Comprehension (75 points)
Directions: There are five reading passages in this part. Each passage is followed by five questions. For each question there are four suggested answers marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best answer and blacken the corresponding letter on the answer sheet.
Passage One
Early in November 1965, New York was blacked out by an electricity failure (停电). The Mayor promised that it would not happen again. Pessimists (悲观主义者) were certain that it would happen again within five years. In July 1977, there was a repeat performance which produced a serious disorder throughout the city. At that time the city was in one of its worst heat waves.
In 1965, there was little crime during the darkness, and fewer than a hundred people were arrested. In 1977, hundreds of stores were broken into and looted (劫掠). Nearly 4,000 people were arrested but far more disappeared into the darkness of the night. The number of policeman available was far from enough and some looters even carry guns.
Hospitals had to treat hundreds of people cut by glass from shop windows. Banks and most business remained closed the next day. The blackout started at 9:30 P.M., when lightning hit and knocked out supply cables. Many stores were thus caught by surprise. For twenty-four hours, New York realized how helpless it was without electricity.
31. According to the first paragraph, who were right: the authorities or the pessimists？
A. The authorities.
B. The pessimists.
C. Both.
D. Neither.
In 1965, there was little crime or looting during the darkness, and fewer than a hundred people were arrested, in 1977, hundreds of stores were broken into and looted. Looters smashed shop windows and helped themselves to jewelry, clothes or television sets. Nearly 4, 000 people were arrested but far more disappeared into the darkness of the night. The number of policemen available was quite inadequate and they wisely refrained from using their guns against mobs which far outnumbered them and included armed men.
Hospitals had to treat hundreds of people cut by glass from shop windows. Banks and most businesses remained closed the next day. The black-out started at 9:30 p. m. , when lightning hit and knocked out vital cables. Many stores were thus caught by surprise.
The vast majority of New Yorkers, however, were not involved in looting. They helped strangers, distributed candles and batteries, and tried to survive in a nightmare world without traffic lights, refrigerators, elevators, water and electrical power. For twenty-four hours, New York realized how helpless it was without electricity.
Look at the first paragraph, who were fight？ The authorities or the pessimists？
A．The authorities.
B．The pessimists.
C．Both.
D．Neither.
Until recently, the observation-intensive approach needed for accurate, very short range forecasts, or "nowcasts" , was impracticable. The cost of equipping and operating many thousands of conventional weather stations was extremely high, and the difficulties involved in rapidly collecting and processing the raw weather data from such a network were beyond overcoming. Fortunately, scientific and technological advance have overcome most of these problems. Radar systems, automated weather instruments , and satellites are all capable of making detailed, nearly continuous observations over large regions at a relatively low cost. Communication satellites can transmit data around the world cheaply and immediately, and modern computers can quickly compile and analyze this large volume of weather information. Meteorologists (气象学家) and computer scientists now work together to design computer programs and video equipment capable of transforming raw weather data into words, symbols, and vivid graphic displays that forecasters can interpret easily and quickly. As meteorologists have begun using these new technologies in weather forecasting offices, nowcasting is becoming a reality.
What is the best title of the passage？
A．Severe Thunderstorms and Damages
B．Weather Forecasting and Life-threatening
C．Science Advances and Nowcasts
D．Available Data and Nowcasts
