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The basic resources a business uses to produce goods and services are called factors o

f production. They include natural resources, labor, capital, and entrepreneurs.

Land, water, mineral deposits, and trees are good examples of natural resources. For example, Exxon Corporation, the world's largest oil company, makes use of a wide variety of natural resources. It must obviously have vast quantities of crude oil to process each year. But Exxon also needs the land where the oil is located, as well as land for its refineries and pipelines.

The people who work for a company represent the second factor of production, labor. Sometimes called human resources, labor is the mental and physical capabilities of people. Exxon employs over 150,000 people worldwide. Carrying out the business of such a huge company requires labor force with a wide variety of skills ranging from managers to geologists to truck drivers.

Obtaining and using material resources and labor requires capital, the funds needed to operate an enterprise. Capital is needed to start any business. Capital is also needed to keep the business operating and growing. Exxon's annual drilling costs alone run into the billions of dollars.

Finally, many economic systems need entrepreneurs to function. Entrepreneurs are those people who accept the opportunities and risks involved in creating and operating businesses. They are the people who start new businesses and who make the decisions that allow small businesses to grow into larger ones. Exxon Corporation started as an

entrepreneurial venture. Although it did not acquire its current name until 1973, its roots can be traced to 1862 when John D. Rockefeller and Murice B. Clark decided to establish a petroleum-refining firm.

26. Factors of production refer to ().

A. natural resources and capital

B. labor and entrepreneurs

C. both A and B

27. The labor force needed in Exxon Corporation are ().

A. people who have a variety of skills

B. only geologists and truck drivers

C. managers to run the company

28. Exxon's annual drilling costs alone run into the billions of dollars. 'run into' here means ().

A. divide

B. reach

C. meet

29. The funds needed to operate an enterprise are referred to as ().

A. capital

B. resources

C. labor

30. They are the people () start new business and make the decisions.

A. which

B. whom

C. who

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更多“The basic resources a business…”相关的问题
第1题
Read the article below about the central problem of Economics.Choose the best word to fill

Read the article below about the central problem of Economics.

Choose the best word to fill each gap, from A, B, C or D.

For each question 19—33, mark one letter (A, B, C or D) on your Answer Sheet.

There is an example at the beginning.

The Central Problem of Economics

The central problem of economics is to satisfy the people's and nation's wants.

The problem we are faced with is that our resources, here identified as money, are limited. The only way we can resolve our problem is to make choices. After looking at our resources, we must examine our list of(19)…and identify the things we need immediately, those we can postpone, and(20)…we cannot afford. As individuals, we face the central problem involved in economics—deciding just how to allocate (分配)our limited resources to provide(21)…with the greatest satisfaction of our wants.

Nations face the same problem. As a country's population grows the need for more goods and services grows correspondingly. Resources necessary to production may increase, but there(22)…are enough resources to satisfy the total desires of a nation. Whether the budget meeting is taking place in the family(23) …room, in the conference room of the corporation (24)…of directors, or in the chamber of the House of Representatives in Washington, the basic problem still exists. We need to find methods of allocating limited resources in order to satisfy unlimited wants.

A short time ago economists(25)…goods into two categories, free and economic. The former, like air and water, were in(26)…abundance that economists had no concern for them. After all, economics is the(27)…of scarcity(匮乏)and what to do about it. Today many of these " free goods" are(28)…very expensive to use. Pollution has made clean air and water expensive for producers who have to filter their waste products, for consumers who ultimately(最终)(29)…the producers' extra costs, and(30)…taxpayers who pay for the government's involvement in cleaning the environment.

In the 1990s, almost all goods are (31)…Only by effort and money can they be obtained in the form. people wish.

Meeting the needs of people and froming resources available (32)… the basic activity of production. In trying to meet(33)…wants from limited economic goods, production leads to new problems in economics.

(19)

A．want

B．problems

C．wants

D．resources

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第2题
Managers perform. four basic functions. The amount of time they devote to each depends
on the situation of the firm and of the manager within the firm. First, managers engage in goal and planning (determining where the firm should be going and how to get there), Three types of plans, from the broadest the most specific, are strategies, tactical plans, and standing plans. Next, managers organize resources and activities to accomplish results in an efficient and effective manner. Then, managers must lead and motivate others to inspire them to work in the best interest of the organization. Finally, managers must control ongoing activities, through continual evaluation and regulation, to keep the organization on course as it pursues its goals.

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第3题
？Read the article below about the central problem of Economics.？Choose the best word to fi

？Read the article below about the central problem of Economics.

？Choose the best word to fill each gap, from A, B, C or D.

？For each question 19—33,mark one letter (A, B, C or D) on your Answer Sheet.

？There is an example at the beginning.

The Central Problem of Economics

The central problem of economics is to satisfy the people's and nation's wants.

The problem we are faced with is that our resources, here identified as money, are limited. The only way we can resolve our problem is to make choices. After looking at our resources, we must examine our list of (19) and identify the things we need immediately, those we can postpone, and (20) we cannot afford. As individuals, we face the central problem involved in economics deciding just how to allocate (分配) our limited resources to provide (21) with the greatest satisfaction of our wants. Nations face the same problem. As a country's population grows the need for more goods and services grows correspondingly. Resources necessary to production may increase, but there (22) are enough re sources to satisfy the total desires of a nation. Whether the budget meeting is taking place in the family (23) room, in the conference room of the corporation (24) of directors, or in the chamber of the House of Representatives in Washington, the basic problem still exists. We need to find methods of allocating limited resources in order to satisfy unlimited wants.

A short time ago economists (25) goods into two categories, free and economic. The former, like air and water, were in (26) abundance that economists had no concern for them. After all, economics is the (27) of scarcity (匮乏) and what to do about it. Today many of these "free goods" are (28) very expensive to use. Pollution has made clean air and water expensive for producers who have to filter their waste products, for consumers who ultimately (最终) (29) the producers' extra costs, and (30) taxpayers who pay for the government's involvement in cleaning the environment.

In the 1990s, almost all goods are (31) Only by effort and money can they be obtained in the form. people wish.

Meeting the needs of people and froming resources available (32) the basic activity of production. In trying to meet (33) wants from limited economic goods, production leads to new problems in economics.

(19)

A．want

B．problems

C．wants

D．resources

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第4题
Part Ⅱ Reading Comprehension （Skimming and Scanning)Directions: In this part you will have

Part Ⅱ Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning)

Directions: In this part you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1. For questions 1-7, choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.

Sustainable Communities

According to the World Wildlife Fund, people are currently using resources 25 percent faster than they can be replaced. If we continue down this course, we will need a second planet by the year 2050. Sustainable communities attempt to change that course by drastically altering how citizens interact with the environment.

Alternatively known as green communities or ecovillages (生态村), sustainable communities vary in their approaches to sustainable living, or a way of life that meets the population's basic needs in ways that can be continued indefinitely for future generations. Some communities focus solely on enriching the environment, while others also aim to improve social and economic conditions as well.

Characteristics of Sustainable Living Communities

Sustainable communities generally strive to minimize waste, reduce consumption and preserve open space. Ideally, they don't use resources faster than they can be replenished, and they don't produce waste faster than it can be assimilated back into the environment. Granted, some communities are more radical than others--living entirely off the grid and eschewing the use of government:--printed money--but the basic principles are similar.

Designing the neighborhood to encourage walking or bicycling is one way sustainable communities put these first two principles into practice. Less driving means less gas and emissions. Many ecovillages also incorporate work space into homes or encourage telecommuting. They also might zone part of the development for commercial use, essentially making the community a serf-contained environment where residents don't even have to leave for shopping or entertainment. This design sometimes is called a live- work-play lifestyle.

Using green building techniques is another staple of sustainable communities. Here are a few examples:

- Architects design buildings to take advantage of the sun's lighting and heating capabilities.

- They install energy-efficient appliances.

- They try to use local sources of materials as much as possible to cut back on the environmental costs of transport.

- They build with durable, non-toxic materials that have either been recycled or sustainably harvested.

You might see straw bale (草捆) houses, which essentially use bales of straw as the structural building blocks; cob houses, which are a mix of straw, clay and sand or earthbag homes, which are exactly what they sound like, homes made out of bags of dirt.

Along with green building techniques, sustainable communities rely on green gardening methods. They landscape with native, drought-tolerant plants and raise them organically to reduce water and keep pesticides and herbicides out of the environment.

Many communities also set aside a significant portion of their land as open space. Serenbe, for example, reserves 80 percent of its 900 acres for green space, that is, 720 acres of rolling hills, woods and streams free of development, quite a contrast to the concrete-laden urban sprawl of Atlanta just 32 miles away.

Another way sustainable communities reduce their ecological footprint is by capturing and recycling their wastes, often creating their own contained natural cycles. Instead of treating normally perceived waste products such as rainwater and sewage as pollution to be gotten rid of, residents mm th

A．We can have another planet called the Earth.

B．We will use up resources on Earth.

C．We will work out replaceable resources.

D．We will migrate to another planet to live.

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第5题
With human footprints on the moon, radio telescopes listening for messages from alien crea
tures (who may or may not exist), technicians looking for celestial and planetary sources of energy to support our civilization, orbiting telescopes' data hinting at planetary systems around other stars, and political groups trying to figure out how to save humanity from nuclear warfare that would damage life and eliminate on a planet-wide scale, an astronomy book published today enters a world different from the one that greeted books a generation ago. Astronomy has broadened to involve our basic circumstances and our mysterious future in the universe. With eclipses and space missions broadcast live, and with NASA, Europe, and the USSR planning and building permanent space stations, astronomy offers adventure for all people, an outward exploratory thrust that may one day be seen as an alternative to mindless consumerism, ideological bickering, and wars to control dwindling resources on a closed, finite Earth.

Today's astronomy students not only seek an up-to-date summary of astronomical facts: they ask, as people have asked for ages, about our basic relations to the rest of the universe. They may study astronomy partly to seek points of contact between science and other human endeavors: philosophy, history, politics, environmental action, even the arts and religion.

Science fiction writers and special effect artists on recent films help today's students realize that unseen worlds of space are real places—not abstract concepts. Today's students are citizens of a more real, more vast cosmos than conceptualized by students of a decade ago.

In designing this edition, the Wadsworh editors and I have tried to respond to these developments. Rather than jumping at the start into murky waters of cosmology, I have begun with the viewpoint of ancient people on Earth and worked outward across the universe. This method of organization automatically (if loosely) reflects the order of humanity's discoveries about astronomy and provides a unifying theme of increasing distance and scale.

This passage is most probably taken from

A．an article of popular science.

B．the introduction of a book of astronomy.

C．a lecture given by the author to astronomy students.

D．the preface of a piece of science fiction.

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第6题
Americans had always been preoccupied with reforming their society, with "making it over,"
and between the 1890s and the end of the First World War, the reform. spirit intensified. More and more people tried to address the problem of their time directly, to impose order on a confusing world, and, especially, to create a conflict-free society. Their efforts, inspired by a complicated mixture of calculated self-interest and unselfish benevolence, helped what can be called the Progressive era. The urge for reform. had many sources. Industrialization had brought unprecedented productivity, awesome technology, and plenty of consumer goods. But it had also included labor struggle, waste of natural resources, and abuse of corporate power. Rapidly growing cities facilitated the accumulation and distribution of goods, services, and cultural amenities but also magnified problems of poverty, disease, crime, and political corruption. Massive inflows of immigrants and the rise of a new class of managers and professionals shook the foundations of old social classes. And the depression that crippled the nation in the 1890s made many leading citizens realize what working people had known for some time: the central promise of American life was not being kept; equality of opportunity-whether economic, political, or social--was a myth.

Progressives tried to resolve these problems by organizing ideas and actions around three basic themes. First, they sought to end abuses of power. Second, progressives aimed to replace corrupt power with the power of reformed institutions such as schools, charities, medical clinics, and the family. Third, progressives wanted to apply principles of science and efficiency on a nationwide scale to all economic, social, and political institutions, to minimize social and economic disorder and to establish cooperation, especially, between business and government, that would end wasteful competition and labor conflict.

Befitting their name, progressives had strong faith in the ability of humankind to create a better world. More than ever before, Americans looked to government as an agent of the people that could and should intervene in social and economic relations to protect the common good and substitute public interest for self-interest.

The passage is primarily concerned with ______.

A．the reasons for the Progressive Movement

B．the problems that American society faced between the 1890s and the end of World War I

C．the causes and contents of the Progressive reform

D．the belief that Americans possessed in their society

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第7题
以下API接口，命名符合规范的是（）

A.http://127.0.0.1:8080/agms/api/v1/web/resources

B.http://127.0.0.1:8080/agms/api/web/resources

C.http://127.0.0.1:8080/agms/api/v1/resources

D.http://127.0.0.1:8080/agms/api/mobile/resources

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第8题
By "common resources" （Paragraph 2), the author means that ______.A．the resources possesse

By "common resources" (Paragraph 2), the author means that ______.

A．the resources possessed by the United States should be shared by other countries

B．Americans have the right to consume resources both from their home country and from abroad

C．it is difficult to distinguish the resources possessed by America from those possessed by other countries

D．all the resources in the world should be shared by all the countries

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第9题
______ natural resources it is one of the poorest countries in Western Europe.A．In the for

______ natural resources it is one of the poorest countries in Western Europe.

A．In the form. of

B．By means of

C．In terms of

D．On the basis of

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第10题
Does everyone on earth have an equal right ______ an equal share of its resources？A．byB．at

Does everyone on earth have an equal right ______ an equal share of its resources？

A．by

B．at

C．to

D．over

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