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For years, studies have found that first-generation college students-those who do not have

a parent with a college degree-lag other students on a range of education achievement factors. Their grades are lower and their dropout rates are higher. But since such students are most likely to advance economically if they succeed in higher education, colleges and universities have pushed for decades to recruit more of them. This has created "a paradox" in that recruiting first-generation students, but then watching many of them fail, means that higher education has "continued to reproduce and widen, rather than close" achievement gap based on social class, according to the depressing beginning of a paper forthcoming in the journal Psychological Sciense.

But the article is actually quite optimistic, as it outlines a potential solution to this problem, suggesting that an approach(which involves a one-hour, next-to-no-cost program) can close 63 percent of the achievement gap(measured by such factors as grades)between first-generation and other students.

The authors of the paper are from different universities, and their findins are based on a study involving 147 students(who completed the project)at an unnamed private unive rsity．First generation was defined as not having a parent with a four-year college degree Most of the first-generation students(1 percent) were recipients of Pell Grants，a federal g rant for undergraduates with financial need，while this was true only for 8.6 percent of the students wit at least one parent with a four-year degree Their thesis-that a relatively modest inte rvention could have a big impact-was based on the view that first-gene ration students may be most lacking not in potential but in practical knowledge about how to deal with the issues that face most college students They cite past resea rch by several authors to show that this is the gap that must be na rrowed to close the achievement gap.

Many first-gene ration students"struggle to navigate the middle-class culture of higher education，learn the&39;rules of the game，&39;and take advantage of college resou rces," they write And this becomes more of a problem when collages don&39;t talk about the class advantage and disadvantages of different groups of students Because US colleges and universities seldom acknowledge how social class can affect students&39; educational expe rience，many first-gene ration students lack sight about why they a re struggling and do not unde rstand how students&39; like them can improve .

26. Recruiting more first-generation students has__________________

A.reduced their dropout rates

B.narrowed the achievement gao

C.missed its original purpose

D.depressed college students

The author of the research article are optimistic because__________________A.the problem is solvable

B.their approach is costless

C.the recruiting rate has increased

D.their finding appeal to students

The author of the paper believe that first-generation students__________________A.a re actually indifferent to the achievement gap

B.can have a potential influence on othe r students

C.may lack opportunities to apply for resea rch projects

D.are inexperienced in handling their issues at college

The study suggests that most first-gene ration students__________________A.study at private universities

B.are from single-pa rent families

C.are in need of financial support

D.have failed their collage

We mayinfer from the last paragraph that--A.universities often rect the culture of the middle-class

B.students are usually to blame for their lack of resources

C.social class g reatly helps en rich educational experiences

D.colleges are partly responsible for the problem in question

请帮忙给出每个问题的正确答案和分析，谢谢！

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更多“For years, studies have found …”相关的问题
第1题
Forthosewhodonottakebreakfast,thegoodnewsisthat_______.A.severalstudieshavebeendoneinthepa

For those who do not take breakfast, the good news is that _______. A. several studies have been done in the past few years B. the omission of breakfast does no harm to one’s health C. adults have especially made studies in this field D. eating little in the morning is good for health

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第2题
根据以下内容回答题：Scientists know that there are two basic approaches to prolonging life（

根据以下内容回答题：

Scientists know that there are two basic approaches to prolonging life（延长寿命），one approache is the elimination of the diseases that generally affect older people—diseases such as cancer，heart attack and stroke．（1）is the delay of the process of growing-old the（2）of the body． In recent years scientific researchers（3）much time in the study of the process of aging．They believe that，within a few years，they will develop the knowledge and the（4）to delay the aging process for lo to 15 years．The result will be that more people will live longer，more healthful lives．At present，scientists believe that with the right diet，exercise，medical（5），and mental attitude many people can live to he l00 years old． Gerontologists（老年学专家），people who（6）studies of the problems of growing old，are investigating（7）body cells slow down and（8）die．They feel that delaying this slowing down process（9）help postpone death．In a number of American universities，scien-tists are studying the activity of cells，the effects of diet and internal body temperature on aging．If their studies are successful，the results should help（10）the quality of life for older people in the next few years，as well as increase the life span of the next generation．

1.

A.Others

B.Another

C.The other

D.One more

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第3题
Are There Truths in Dreams？ Imagine waking up after dreaming （dream) about a terrible plan

Are There Truths in Dreams？ Imagine waking up after dreaming (dream) about a terrible plane crash. The next day you will make a plane journey that you have______（41）(plan) long before. Will you get on the plane？ A survey shows that you may not cancel your trip. But your dream will probably influence your______（42）(thought) during the journey. You may feel______（43）(worry) and find the trip much______（44）(long) than before. So dreams may influence what we are______（45）(real) doing while we are awake. The explanation of dreams is still a(n)______（46）(clear) area. A team of researchers are entering a new field of studies: Do dreams actually influence our______（47）(behave)？ Over the past few years, they have______（48）(do) studies in different cultures and found out that dreams contain some______（49）(hide) truths: dreams affect the way people live and work. But researchers also tell people not to be______（50）(easy) influenced by their dreams. ______.

______.

______.

______.

______.

______.

______.

______.

______.

______.

请帮忙给出每个问题的正确答案和分析，谢谢！

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第4题
听力原文： Many of us believe that a person's mind becomes less active as he grows older. B
ut this is not true, according to Dr.Jarvik, professor of psychiatry at the University of California. She has studied the mental functioning of aging persons for several years. For example, one of her studies concerns 136 pairs of identical twins, who were first examined when they were already 60 years old. As Dr. Jarvik continued the study of the twins into their 70's and 80's, their minds did not generally decline as was expected.

However, there was some decline in their psychomotor speed. This means that it took them longer to accomplish mental tasks than it used to. But when speed was not a factor, they lost very little intellectual ability over the years. In general Dr. Jarvik's studies have shown that there is no decline in knowledge or reasoning ability. This is true not only with those in their 30's and 40's, but with those in their 60's and 70's as well. In the cases where the older person's mind really seems to decay, it is not necessarily a sign of decay due to old age. Often it is simply a sign of a depressed emotional state.

According to Dr. Jarvik's studies, middle-aged and older persons would expect to ______.

A．remember less

B．reason better

C．learn fewer things

D．lose no intellectual ability

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第5题
［A］ For example, the Moche lords of Sipán in coastal Peru were buried in about AD

400 in fine cotton dress and with exquisite ornaments of bead, gold, and silver. Few burials rival their lavish sepulchres. Being able to trace the development of such rituals over thousands of years has added to our understanding of the development of human intellect and spirit.

［B］ By 40,000 years ago people could be found hunting and gathering food across most of the regions of Africa. Populations in different regions employed various technological developments in adapting to their different environments and climates.

［C］ Archaeological studies have also provided much information about the people who first arrived in the Americas over 12,000 years ago.

［D］ The first fossil records of vascular plants—that is, land plants with tissue that carries food—appeared in the Silurian period. They were simple plants that had not developed separate stems and leaves.

［E］ Laetoli even reveals footprints of humans from 3.6 million years ago. Some sites also contain evidence of the earliest use of simple tools. Archaeologists have also recorded how primitive forms of humans spread out of Africa into Asia about 1.8 million years ago, then into Europe about 900,000 years ago.

［F］ One research project involves the study of garbage in present-day cities across the United States. This garbage is the modern equivalent of the remains found in the archaeological record. In the future, archaeologists will continue to move into new realms of study.

［G］ Other sites that represent great human achievement are as varied as the cliff dwellings of the ancient Anasazi (a group of early Native Americans of North America) at Mesa Verde, Colorado; the Inca city of Machu Picchu high in the Andes Mountains of Peru; and the mysterious, massive stone portrait heads of remote Easter Island in the Pacific.

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第6题
Of all the goals of the education reform. movement, none is more difficult than developing
an objective method to assess teachers. Studies show that over time, test scores do not provide a【C1】______ means of separating good from bad instructors. Test scores are an【C2】______ indicator of quality because too many factors outside of the teachers control can influence student【C3】______ from year to year—or even from classroom to classroom during the same year. Often, more than half of those teachers【C4】______ as the poorest performers one year will be judged average or above average the next, and the results are【C5】______ as bad for teachers with【C6】______ classes during the same year. 【C7】______, theres a far more direct approach: measuring the amount of【C8】______ a teacher spends delivering relevant instruction—【C9】______, how much teaching a teacher actually gets done in a school day. This is hardly a new【C10】______. Thirty years ago two studies using this approach found that some teachers were able to deliver【C11】______ 14 more weeks a year of relevant instruction than their less efficient【C12】______. There was no【C13】______ to their success: it was obvious that the efficient teachers【C14】______ strictly to the curriculum, maintained stern discipline and【C15】______ non-instructional activities, like【C16】______ unessential classroom business when they【C17】______ focused on the curriculum. And both studies found that the teachers who【C18】______ more were also the teachers who【C19】______ students who performed well on【C20】______ tests.

【C1】

A．persistent

B．consistent

C．continuous

D．useful

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第7题
Read the following advertisements（广告), then choose the right answer.Driver wanteda) Clea

Read the following advertisements(广告), then choose the right answer.

Driver wanted

a) Clean driving license (驾照).

b) Must be of smart appearance.

c) Aged over 25.

Apply to: Capes Taxi, 17 Palace Road, Roston.

Air hostesses(空姐) for International Flights Wanted

a) Must be between 20 and 33 years old.

b) Height 1.6 to 1.75.

c) Education to GCSE standard(标准), two languages, must be able to swim.

Apply to: Recruitment office, Southern Airlines, Heathrow Airport West, HR 39.

Teachers Needed

For private language school.

Teaching experience unnecessary.

Apply to: The director of Studies, Instant Language Ltd. , 289 Canal Street, Roston.

What prevents Jack, an experienced taxi driver, working for Capes Taxi？

A．Fond of beer and wine.

B．Punished for speeding and wrong parking.

C．Not having college education.

D．Unable to speak a foreign language.

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第8题
How much sleep does a person need？【31】the physiological bases of the need for sleep remain
conjectural (猜想), rendering conclusive answers to this question impossible, much evidence has been gathered on how much sleep people do in fact obtain. Perhaps the most important conclusion to be【32】from this evidence is【33】there is great variability among individuals in total sleep time. For adults,【34】between six and nine hours of sleep as a nightly average is not unusual, and 7.5 hours probably best expresses the norm. Such norms, of course, forms inevitably vary with the criteria of sleep employed, The most【35】and reliable figures on sleep time, including those cited here, come from studies in sleep laboratories, where EEG criteria are employed.

【36】consistently has been associated with the varying amount, quality, and pattern of electrophysiologically defined sleep. The newborn infant may spend an average of about 16 hours of each 24-hour period in sleep,【37】the sleep time drops sharply; by two years of age, it may【38】from nine to 12 hours. Decreases to approximately six hours have been observed among the elderly.

【39】will be discussed from below, EEG sleep studies have indicated that sleep can be considered to consist of several different stages. Developmental changes in the relative proportion of sleep time【40】in these sleep stages are as striking as age-related changes in total sleep time.

(31)

A．As

B．Despite

C．While

D．Whether

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第9题
Questions are based on the following passage．Eating fruits and vegetables has proved helpf

Questions are based on the following passage．

Eating fruits and vegetables has proved helpful in preventing various chronic （慢性的 ） illnesses．Does that mean the more the better？

The data from 16 studies were analyzed，（36）more than 833，234 adults．The span of the studies（37）from 5 to 26 years．56，423 adults participating in the studies died．Overall， the more fruits andvegetables people（38）， the less likely they were to have died during the study period．For every（39）serving eaten， up to four a day， the chance of dying for any reason decreased by 5 percent．Those who ate four servings a day were 24 percent less（40）to have died than those who ate none atall．However， eating five or more daily servings indicated no added（41） Higher consumption offruits and vegetables also showed（42）no effect on the probability of dying from cancer．

Although the recommendation of the（43）serving varies with age， health status and other

factors， most adults are called for to fill half their plate with fruits and vegetables．The food pyramidmodel（44）that adults eat three to five servings of vegetables and two to four servings offruits dally．

However， the study did not determine whether certain fruits or vegetables were more or lessbeneficial than others．It indeed inferred that there"s a（n）（45）to how much fruit and vegetables aregood for you．

A．additional

B．annual

C．benefit

D．boundary

E．consumed

F．daily

G．essentially

H．Financially

I．Investing

J．Involving

K．Likely

L．Limit

M．Probable

N．Ranged

O．Suggested

第（36）题应填__________ 查看材料

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第10题
Nowadays, people work longer hours than they used to, but are they really working harder t
han ever before？ Apparently, many people believe that the more time a person spends on work,【21】she or he accomplishes. However, the connection between time and【22】is not always【23】. In fact, many studies indicate that after a certain point, anyone's productivity and creativity begin to【24】. Furthermore, it is not always easy for individuals to【25】that their performance is falling off.

Part of the problem is understandable. When【26】evaluate employees, they often consider the amount of time spent on the job【27】performance. Employees know this. Consequently, they work longer hours and【28】less vacation time than they did several years ago. Although many working people can do their job effectively during a【29】40-hour-work week, they feel they have to spend more time on the job after normal working hours so that they can let the people who can【30】them see it.

(66)

A．the better

B．the less

C．the more

D．the most

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第11题
词汇理解：Physical activity does the body good, and there's growing evidence that it helps the brain too.

Part III Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)2016年6月大学英语四级卷1真题及答案

Section A

Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.

Questions 26 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.

Physical activity does the body good, and there's growing evidence that it helps the brain too. Researchers in the Netherlands report that children who get more exercise, whether at school or on their own,26to have higher GPAs and better scores on standardized tests. In a27of 14 studies that looked at physical activity and academic28, investigators found that the more children moved, the better their grades were in school,29in the basic subjects of math, English and reading.

The data will certainly fuel the ongoing debate over whether physical education classes should be cut as schools struggle to30on smaller budgets. The arguments against physical education have included concerns that gym time may be taking away from study time. With standardized test scores in the U.S.31in recent years, some administrators believe students need to spend more time in the classroom instead of on the playground. But as these findings show, exercise and academics may not be32exclusive. Physical activity can improve blood33to the brain, fueling memory, attention and creativity, which are34to learning. And exercise releases hormones that can improve35and relieve stress, which can also help learning. So while it may seem as if kids are just exercising their bodies when they're running around, they may actually be exercising their brains as well.

A)attendance

B)consequently

C)current

D)depressing

E)dropping

F)essential

G)feasible

H)flow

I)mood

J)mutually

K)particularly

L)performance

M)review

N)survive

O)tend

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