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更多“sustainable/sə'stenəbl/（）”相关的问题
选项格式A.With the rapid development of industrialization and urbanization of China's economy, haze appears in a large number of cities and their surrounding areas, which is considered to be one of the major realistic problems facing the sustainable development of China's social economy.
B.Along with the stage of China's economy entering the rapid development of industrialization and urbanization, the smog phenomenon has appeared in many cities in China and its surrounding areas, and is considered to be one of the major practical problems facing the sustainable development of China's social economy.
C.As China has seen rapid industrialization and urbanization, smog prevails in a large number of Chinese cities and their surrounding areas, and is considered one of the major problems threatening China’s social and economic sustainability.
D.With China's economy entering the stage of rapid industrialization and urbanization, smog phenomenon appears in a large number of cities and their surrounding areas in ChinA.With the rapid development of industrialization and urbanization of China's economy, haze appears in a large number of cities and their surrounding areas, which is considered to be one of the major realistic problems facing the sustainable development of China's social economy.
B.Along with the stage of China's economy entering the rapid development of industrialization and urbanization, the smog phenomenon has appeared in many cities in China and its surrounding areas, and is considered to be one of the major practical problems facing the sustainable development of China's social economy.
C.As China has seen rapid industrialization and urbanization, smog prevails in a large number of Chinese cities and their surrounding areas, and is considered one of the major problems threatening China’s social and economic sustainability.
D.With China's economy entering the stage of rapid industrialization and urbanization, smog phenomenon appears in a large number of cities and their surrounding areas in Chin选项格式A. It is considered to be one of the major practical problems facing China's sustainable social and economic development.
Part Ⅱ Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning)
Directions: In this part you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1. For questions 1-7, choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.
Sustainable Communities
According to the World Wildlife Fund, people are currently using resources 25 percent faster than they can be replaced. If we continue down this course, we will need a second planet by the year 2050. Sustainable communities attempt to change that course by drastically altering how citizens interact with the environment.
Alternatively known as green communities or ecovillages (生态村), sustainable communities vary in their approaches to sustainable living, or a way of life that meets the population's basic needs in ways that can be continued indefinitely for future generations. Some communities focus solely on enriching the environment, while others also aim to improve social and economic conditions as well.
Characteristics of Sustainable Living Communities
Sustainable communities generally strive to minimize waste, reduce consumption and preserve open space. Ideally, they don't use resources faster than they can be replenished, and they don't produce waste faster than it can be assimilated back into the environment. Granted, some communities are more radical than others--living entirely off the grid and eschewing the use of government:--printed money--but the basic principles are similar.
Designing the neighborhood to encourage walking or bicycling is one way sustainable communities put these first two principles into practice. Less driving means less gas and emissions. Many ecovillages also incorporate work space into homes or encourage telecommuting. They also might zone part of the development for commercial use, essentially making the community a serf-contained environment where residents don't even have to leave for shopping or entertainment. This design sometimes is called a live- work-play lifestyle.
Using green building techniques is another staple of sustainable communities. Here are a few examples:
- Architects design buildings to take advantage of the sun's lighting and heating capabilities.
- They install energy-efficient appliances.
- They try to use local sources of materials as much as possible to cut back on the environmental costs of transport.
- They build with durable, non-toxic materials that have either been recycled or sustainably harvested.
You might see straw bale (草捆) houses, which essentially use bales of straw as the structural building blocks; cob houses, which are a mix of straw, clay and sand or earthbag homes, which are exactly what they sound like, homes made out of bags of dirt.
Along with green building techniques, sustainable communities rely on green gardening methods. They landscape with native, drought-tolerant plants and raise them organically to reduce water and keep pesticides and herbicides out of the environment.
Many communities also set aside a significant portion of their land as open space. Serenbe, for example, reserves 80 percent of its 900 acres for green space, that is, 720 acres of rolling hills, woods and streams free of development, quite a contrast to the concrete-laden urban sprawl of Atlanta just 32 miles away.
Another way sustainable communities reduce their ecological footprint is by capturing and recycling their wastes, often creating their own contained natural cycles. Instead of treating normally perceived waste products such as rainwater and sewage as pollution to be gotten rid of, residents mm th
A．We can have another planet called the Earth.
B．We will use up resources on Earth.
C．We will work out replaceable resources.
D．We will migrate to another planet to live.
I'm hardly alone, which is bad news for the world's oceans. Partly because more and more sushi is demanded, we're fast fishing out our seas. Some researchers estimate that if we don't change the way we harvest the oceans, all the commercial fisheries (捕鱼业) in the world could disappear as early as 2048. That could mean no more fish to buy in your local supermarket.
Fortunately, scientists are looking for ways to fish sustainably (可持续地). One method is a quota system that sets a limited amount to every fisherman or corporation who wants a share of the total catch for certain sea area. These catch shares get rid of the possibility to over fish.A recent study in Science found that the system can prevent fishery from dying and even make it better over time. "It's truly a win-win situation," says Steven Gaines, a marine biologist at the University of California at Santa Barbara and one of the study's co-authors.
Consumers also can help save the seas through the fish they buy. California's Monterey Bay Aquarium Institute is coming out with pocket guides to sustainable sushi. The researchers base their ratings on the health of a wild fish's population as well as the impacts of fish-farming operations. Oysters, for example, grow fast and can be farmed sustainably, but salmon can't. The researchers also take fishing practices into consideration: catching big-eye tuna (金枪鱼) can cause its nearby fish to die, which certainly no one wants to see. It is hoped that, by making the right choice, consumers can encourage businesses to fish in a more sustainable way.
1、The author loved _____ when he lived in Tokyo.
A、playing football
B、eating sea food
C、singing and dancing
D、reading newspapers
2、If we continue to fish in this way, ______.
A、the fisheries could make a lot of money
B、more and more sushi would be demanded
C、there could be no fish in the oceans
D、the supermarkets could disappear
3、The "quota system" is a system which ______.
A、sets a limited amount to fishermen or companies
B、enables everyone to fish as much as possible
C、prevents fishery from getting better over time
D、is not a way to guarantee sustainable fishing
4、According to the last paragraph, the researchers base their ratings on _____ aspects.
A、one
B、two
C、three
D、four
5、The example of catching big-eye tuna is to prove that _____.
A、the quota system is a win-win situation
B、the pocket guides are helpful to sustainable sushi
C、the health of a wild fish's population is important
D、the researchers base the ratings on fishing practice
The review study,"Organic Agriculture in the 21st Century,”is featured as the cover story for theFebruary issue of the journal Nature Plants. It is the first to compare organic and conventional agricultureacross the main goals of sustainability identified by the National Academy of Sciences: productivity,economics，and environment.
Critics have long argued that organic agriculture is inefficient，requiring more land to yield the sameamount of food. It's true that organic farming produces lower yields，averaging 10 to 20 percent less thanconventional. Advocates contend that the environmental advantages of organic agriculture far outweighthe lower yields，and that increasing research and breeding resources for organic systems would reduce theyield gap.Sometimes excluded from these arguments is the fact that we already produce enough food tomore than feed the world's 7.4 billion people but do not provide adequate access to all individuals
In some cases，organic yields can be higher than conventional. For example，in severe droughtconditions，which are expected to increase with climate change in many areas，organic farms can produceas good，if not better，yields because of the higher water-holding capacity of organically farmed soils.
What science does tell us is that mainstream conventional farming systems have provided growingsupplies of food and other products but often at the expense of other sustainability goals.
Conventional agriculture may produce more food，but it often comes at a cost to the environment.Biodiversity loss，environmental degradation，and severe impacts on ecosystem services have not onlyaccompanied conventional farming systems but have often extended well beyond their field boundaries.With organic agriculture，environmental costs tend to be lower and the benefits greater.
Overall，organic farms tend to store more soil carbon，have better soil quality， and reduce soil erosioncompared to their conventional counterparts. Organic agriculture also creates less soil and water pollutionand lower greenhouse gas emissions. And it's more energy-efficient because it doesn't rely on syntheticfertilizers or pesticides.
Organic agriculture is also associated with greater biodiversity of plants，animals，insects andmicroorganisms as well as genetic diversity. Biodiversity increases the services that nature provides andimproves the ability of farming systems to adapt to changing conditions.
Despite lower yields，organic agriculture is more profitable for farmers because consumers are willingto pay more.Higher prices，called price premiums，can be justified as a way to compensate farmers forproviding ecosystem services and avoiding environmental damage or external costs.
51. What do we learn from the conclusion of the author's review study？
A)More resources should be tapped for feeding the world's population.
B)Organic farming may be exploited to solve the global food problem.
C)The long-term prospects of organic farming are yet to be explored.
D) Organic farming is at least as promising as conventional farming.
52. What is the critics' argument against organic farming？
A)It cannot meet the need for food.
B) It cannot increase farm yields.
C )It is not really practical.
D) It is not that productive.
53. What does the author think should be taken into account in arguing about organic farming？
A)Growth in world population.
B)Deterioration in soil fertility.
C) Inequality in food distribution.
D)Advance in farming technology.
54. What does science tell us about conventional farming？
A) It will not be able to meet global food demand.
B)It is not conducive to sustainable development.
C) It will eventually give way to organic farming.
D) It is going mainstream throughout the world.
55. Why does the author think higher prices of organic farm produce are justifiable？
A)They give farmers going organic a big competitive edge.
B)They motivate farmers to upgrade farming technology.
C) Organic farming costs more than conventional farming.
D)Organic farming does long-term good to the ecosystem.
At the next election none of the big parties seem likely to endorse this sentiment. The conservatives’ planning reform. explicitly gives rural development priori over conservation, even authorizing “off-plan” building where local people might object. The concept of sustainable development has been defined as profitable. Labour likewise wants to discontinue local planning where councils oppose development. The Liberal Democrats are silent. Only Ukip, sensing its chance, has sided with those pleading for a more considered approach to using green land. Its Campaign to Protect Rural England struck terror into many local Conservative parties.
The sensible place to build new houses, factories and offices is where people are.in cities and towns where infrastructure is in place. The London agents Stirling Ackroyd recently identified enough sites for half a million houses in the London area alone, no intrusion on green belt. What is true of London is even truer of the provinces.
The idea that “housing crisis” equals “concreted meadows” is pure lobby talk. The issue is not the need for more house but, as always, where to put them. Under lobby pressure, George Osborne favours rural new-build against urban renovation and renewal. He favours out-of-town shopping sites against. high streets. This is not a free market but a biased one. Rural towns and villages have growl and will always grow. They do so best where building sticks to their edges and respects their character. We do not ruin urban conservation areas. Why ruin rural ones？
Development should be planned .not let rip. After the Netherlands, Britain is Europe’s most crowded country. Half a century of town and country planning has enabled it to retain an enviable rural coherence, while still permitting low-density urban living. there is no doubt of the alternative - the corrupted landscapes of southern Portugal Spain or Ireland avoiding this rather than promoting it should unite left and right of the political spectrum.
26. Britain’s public sentiment about the countryside
A.didn’t start till the Shakespearean age.
B.has brought much benefit to the NHS.
C.is fully backed by the royal family.
D.is not well reflected in politics.
According to Paragraph 2, the achievements of the National Trust are now beingA.gradually destroyed.
B.effectively reinforced..
C.properly protected.
D.largely overshadowed.
Which of the following can be inferred from paragraph 3？A.Labour is under attack for opposing development
B.The Conservatives may abandon “off-plan” building.
C.The Liberal Democrats are losing political influence.
D.Ukip may gain from its support for rural conservation.
The author holds that George Osborne’s preferenceA.reveals a strong prejudice against urban areas.
B.shows his disregard for the character of rural areas.
C.stresses the necessity of easing the housing crisis.
D.highlights his firm stand i against lobby Pressure.
In the last paragraph, the author shows his appreciation ofA.the size of population in Britain.
B.the enviable urban lifestyle in Britain.
C.the town-and-country planning in Britain.
D.the political life in today’s Britain.
请帮忙给出每个问题的正确答案和分析，谢谢！
A．He's the woman's friend.
B．He's a visitor.
C．He's a new employee.
D．He's the boss.
