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更多“Consumers must spend their ele…”相关的问题
A scientist who wants to predict the way in which consumers (消费者) will spend their money must study consumer behavior. He must obtain data both on the resources of consumers and on the motives that tend to encourage or discourage money spending.
If an economist were asked which of three groups borrow most — people with rising incomes, stable incomes, or decreasing incomes—he would probably answer, those with decreasing incomes. Actually in the years 1947 ~ 1950, the answer was: people with rising incomes. People with decreasing incomes were next and people with stable incomes borrowed the least. This shows us that traditional assumptions (假设) about earning and spending are not always reliable. Another traditional assumption is that if people who have money expect prices to go up they will hasten to buy. If they expect prices to go down, they will postpone buying. But research surveys have shown that this is not always true.
The expectations of price increases may not stimulate buying. One typical attitude was expressed by the wife of a mechanic in an interview at a time of rising prices. "In a few months, "she said, "we' 11 have pay more for meat and milk; we' 11 have less to spend on other things. "Her family had been planning to buy a new car but they postponed this purchase. Furthermore, the rise in prices that has already taken place may be disliked and buyer's resistance may be produced. This is shown by the following typical comment; "I just don't pay these prices; they are too high. " The investigations mentioned above were carried out in America; The condition most helpful to spending appears to be price stability. If prices have been stable and people consider that they are reasonable, they are likely to buy. Thus, it appears that the common business policy of maintaining stable prices is based on a correct understanding of consumer psychology (心理学) .
According to the passage, if one wants to predict the way spend their money, he should
A．rely on traditional assumptions about earning and spending
B．try to encourage or discourage consumers to spend money
C．carry out investigations on consumer behavior. and get data on consumers incomes and money spending motives
D．do researches in consumer psychology in a laboratory
Business ethics is not about personality, though a good personality is valuable. Ethics is the primary element and prerequisite for successful business. No matter what you do, you should think of business as a matter of integrity. Nowadays, the slip in ethics and the absence of social responsibility, especially integrity, have led to a crisis in business, seriously influencing social development.
Events resulting from a loss of trust are being seen now and then and they affect the society in many unfortunate ways. Most people know the importance of business ethics, but still some people don't honor them. We often hear media reports on problems in business, such as adding harmful materials to products. These behaviors cause much damage to consumers, who spend money but do not get quality commodities, especially when these commodities do great harm to their health. It is difficult for people to forget the case in which some children consumed unsafe milk powder produced by a few immoral businesses, and their health suffered serious damage as a result. People can't bear this kind of behavior. and the businesses responsible must be closed down and the related personal be published.
1.What is the primary component for a prosperous business？
A.Good management
B.Business ethics
C.Reliable credit status
2.What is the influence of losing integrity？
A.Hinder social development
B.Worsen the company's reputation
C.Reduce people's trust between each other
3.What is people's attitude towards business ethics？
A.All people pay attention to business ethics
B.Most people attach importance to it and follow it
C.Lots of people know its importance but still some don't honor it
4.Which of the following items is NOT mentioned in this passage？
A.The absence of ethics has led to a crisis in business world
B.Manufacturers' immoral behaviors do little harm to consumers
C.Media is important for people to know more about commodities
5.What is the author's attitude toward immoral behaviors in business？
A.Critical
B.Affirmative
C.Indifferent
A．but we have to pay back later more than what we owe
B．and we don't have to pay back any other money
C．but we pay back a little less than what we owe
D．and we must soon pay back what we owe
Passage One
Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage.
The appeal of advertising to buying motives can have both negative and positive effects. Consumers may be convinced to buy a product of poor quality or high price because of an advertisement. For example, some advertisement have appealed to people's desire for better fuel economy for their cars by advertising automotive products that improve gasoline mileage. Some of the products work. Others are worthless and a waste of consumers' money.
Sometimes advertising is intentionally misleading. A few years ago, a brand of bread was offered to dieters(节食者)with the message that there were fewer calories(热量单位, 卡)in every slice. It turned out that the bread was not dietetic(适合于节食的), but just regular bread. There were fewer calories because it was sliced very thin. but there were the same number of calories in every loaf.
On the positive side, emotional appeals may respond to a consumer's real concerns. Consider fire insurance. Fire insurance may be sold by appealing to fear of loss. But fear of loss is the real reason for fire insurance. The security of knowing that property is protected by insurance makes the purchase of fire insurance a worthwhile investment for most people. If consumers consider the quality of the insurance plans as well as the message in the ads, they will benefit from the advertising.
Each consumer must evaluate her or his own situation. Are the benefits of the product important enough to justify buying it？ Advertising is intended to appeal to consumers, but it does not force them to buy the product. Consumer still controls the final buying decision.
Advertising can persuade the consumer to buy worthless product by______.
A. stressing their high quality
B. convincing him of their low price
C. maintaining a balance between quality and price
D. appealing to his buying motives
A visit to a doctor’s office costs from fifteen to fifty dollars. It is impossible to pay for the medical care they need. Many people in the United States think that doctors are overpaid. Most doctors, however, disagree. They say that they were required to study medicine for a long time. Tuition(学费)for many years of medical education costs a lot of money. Doctors say that it is necessary for most medical students to borrow money from a bank to pay their tuition. Because this money must be repaid to the bank, young doctors need a lot of money for their work. So, they charge people high prices for medical care. Therefore it is possible that the high cost of medical care in America is unnecessary. Because high tuition is one cause of high costs, one way to lower costs would be to have medical schools that are free or have low tuition.
Some people do not have their medical care they need because ______.
A．they are not willing to pay high tuition for the doctors
B．they don't think it necessary to have medical care
C．they don't want to spend much money on it
D．they haven't got enough money to pay for it
We may think of all of these as our needs. Yet most of us would be far from satisfied if we had nothing more than these which are supplied for us. (78) We all enjoy extra income to spend on things like books, sports or hobbies. Sometimes we save some of this extra income to pay for future expense of this type on holidays. So we must add our wants to our basic needs. Our standard of living is the degree, to which these needs and wants are satisfied.
But as time goes on, what we think of as our basic needs changes. Twenty years ago a television would have been a luxury, and still is in many countries now. Even now we cannot say it is a need in the same sense as food, clothing and shelter. Yet if most of the people of a country have one, it comes to be accepted as a need．It is possible therefore to have food, clothing and shelter and still be poor by the standards of our own society.
What we need in life is divided into ________ according to this article.
A．the basic necessities and luxury
B．many kinds of need such as food, clothing and houses
C．four groups the basic necessities, luxury, reliable income and future expense
D．the basic necessities and reliable income
1.A.ship B.wool C.wood D.steel
2.A.entertainment B.entertain C.entertaining D.entertainer
3.A.pessimistic B.passive C.optimistic D.persuasive
4.A.Texas B.Illinois C.California D.Sydney
5.A.plays B.pictures C.novels D.games
A.study abroad
B.work abroad
C.pay for the debts
D.1earn to paint pictures
Why isn't dollar worth as much as it used to be？ One dollar is always worth the same amount, that is, 100 cents. But the value of a dollar is how much it can buy. The value of money depends on the cost of living. Economists say that the cost of living is the money that a family must pay for the necessities of life such as food, housing or rent, clothes, and medical expenses. For many years now, the cost of living has increased greatly, so the value of the dollar has decreased. When a dollar has a low value, you cannot buy as many things with it.
No one fully understands why the cost of living keeps increasing, but economists believe that workers and producers can make prices go up. As workers earn more money, they have more money to spend, so they demand more goods. If there is a great demand for certain goods, the prices of these goods go up. At the same time, if there's a shortage of goods, the prices also go up. For example, if everyone wants to buy more and more gas, the price of gas goes up. When companies withhold gas from buyers, they can also make the price of gas go up.
Families need to know what happens to their money. They need to make their income meet the cost of living, so many people plan a family budget (预算). A budget is a list of monthly expenses. If your expenses add up to more than your income, you must find ways to save money. Maybe you're spending too much on entertainment. Or if you're spending too much on clothes, you may want to sew your own clothes. Budgeting helps you spend your money wisely as the cost of living increases.
What has troubled many families in the United States？
A．A not-large-enough income.
B．Nothing is left over to put away.
C．The increasing cost of living.
D．A shortage of certain goods.
Literary persons, even the greatest, are seldom spectacular.Those who lead lives of heroic action have neither the time nor usually the desire, even if they have the ability, to express themselves in writing.Those who gallop down valleys of death do not sing about that experience; they leave it to gentle poets living comfortably in country retreats.Moreover, to be a great writer one must spend more of one's time at a table in the laborious and wholly prosaic act of writing.Few writers attract a Boswell, and unless the details of their lives, their sayings, and their oddities happen to be preserved in writing, they soon become little more than a name.Even with all the elaborate apparatus of modern publicity, few readers could without notice write more of the biography of any living writer than could be contained on a postcard.The word is always so much greater than the man.()
A.Most literary men would prefer to lead lives of action
B.What writers write is more significant than what they do
C.The man of action is often a poor writer
D.Most readers are uniformed about the lives of writers
