Three Americans Win Nobel Economics PrizeThe Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences awarded the Nobel Prize in economics to three Americans,Eugene Fama,Lars Peter Hansen and Robert Shiller on Oct.14,2013.Eugene Fama and Lars Peter Hansen are both professors at the University of Chicago.Robert Shiller is a professor at Yale University.They will share the prize worth about 1.2 million dollars."This year's prize in economic sciences is about predictions." All three of this year's prize winners are mainly known for their research and explanations of pricing forces in financial markets.They have had a big influence on the way people look at and talk about financial markets.Eugene Fama's research on financial markets in the 1960s led market watchers to change their ideas about investing.His ideas are linked to the theory that markets are efficient,which means market actors taking all available information to create the correct price for things at any given time.This also means that over short periods of time,it is not possible to predict prices.Robert Shiller found,however,that over long periods,the opposite is true.It is possible to predict the movement of prices and that price changes are linked to human behavior.The findings of both economists have led to the growth of index funds,investing many different securities as a way to reduce risk.Mr Shiller also helped to create the Standard & Poor's Case-Shiller home prices index.That index follows home prices across the United States.Lars Peter Hansen developed a method for studying historical pricing information.His method supports Mr Shiller's findings and has influenced efforts to predict prices in the financial industry.The Nobel Prize in economics was not created by Alfred Nobel,but was established in his memory by Sweden's central bank in 1968.1.The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences awarded the Nobel Prize in electronics to three Americans on Oct.14,2013.2.Eugene Fama,Lars Peter Hansen and Robert Shiller won the prize for their research and explanations of pricing forces in financial markets.3.Eugene Fama's research on financial markets in the 1960s resulted in some change in how market watchers look at investing.4.The findings of both economists have led to the growth of price prediction,investing many different securities as a way to reduce risk.5.The Nobel Prize in economics was established in memory of Alfred Nobel by Sweden's central bank in 1968.

第1题

找出元音部分读音不同的一项（）

A.win

B.ree

C.three

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第2题

It can be inferred from the passage that by the end of the World War II most Americans ___

___.

A．were very rich

B．lived in poverty

C．had the good things on the first three levels

D．did not own automobiles

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第3题

Three of the following statements are true with the Council of Trent.Which one is the

exception？()

A.It was first a religious meeting called to win back the Protestants.

B.It condemned the scandals arising from the sale of indulgences.

C.It insisted on Catholic tradition as the mere source of authority.

D.It marks the beginning of the history of modern Catholic Church.

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第4题

Chinese-Americans today have higher incomes than Americans in general. One-fourth of all【3

6】Chinese-Americans are working in scientific and professional【37】. The Chinese have risen to this position【38】some of the harshest discrimination and violence【39】any immigrants in the history of this country. Today, 【40】of the Chinese prosperity (成功) is【41】the simple fact that they work harder and take【42】of educational opportunities.

Chinese-Americans have had three Noble【43】winners, all in physics. Many more have PhDs, especially from high【44】universities. Among academics, Asians publish more than【45】blacks or whites.

(36)

A．employed

B．employee

C．employer

D．employing

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第5题

Drunken driving--sometimes called America's socially accepted form. of murder--has become

a national epidemic. Every hour of every day about three Americans on average are killed by drunken drivers, adding up an incredible 250,000 over the past decade.

A drunken driver is usually defined as one with a 0.10 blood content or roughly three beers, glasses of wine or shots of whisky drank within two hours. Heavy drinking used to be an acceptable part of the American man image and judges were tolerant in most courts, but the drunken slaughter has recently caused so many well-publicized tragedies, especially involving young children, that public opinion is no longer so tolerant.

Twenty states have raised the legal drinking age to 21, reversing a trend in the 1960s to reduce it to 18.After New Jersey lowered it to 18, the number of people killed by 18 to 20-year-old drivers more than doubled, so the state recently upped is back to 21.

Reformers, however, fear raising the drinking age will have little effect unless accompanied by educational programs to help young people to develop "responsible attitudes" about drinking and teach them to resist peer pressure to drink.

Tough new laws have led to increased arrests and tests and, in many areas already, to a marked decline in fatalities. Some states are also penalizing bars for serving customers too many drinks. A tavern in Massachusetts was fined for serving six or more double brandies to a customer who was "obviously intoxicated" and later drove off the road, killing a nine-year-old boy.

As the fatalities continue to daily in every state, some Americans are even beginning to speak well of the 13 years of national prohibition of alcohol that began in 1919, what President Hoover called the "noble experiment". They forget that legal prohibition didn't stop drinking, but encouraged political corruption and organized crime. As with the booming drug trade generally, there is no easy solution.

Drunken driving has become a major problem in America because ______.

A．most Americans are heavy drinkers

B．Americans are now less shocked by road accident

C．accident attract too much publicity

D．drinking is a socially accepted habit in America

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第6题

Passage OneQuestions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage. The sea is the common pr

Passage One

Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage.

The sea is the common property of all nations. It belongs equally to all. None can appropriate it exclusively to themselves；nor is it “foreign” to any. This was the decision of John Marshall, chief justice of the United States from 1801 to 1835. It was stated as a fundamental rule the sea that no one, and therefore everyone, owns the ocean. This means that outside territorial waters(the waters within three miles of a country's coast), the law is whatever nations agree on in peacetime and whatever the strongest naval powers can enforce in wartime. After the United States purchased Alaska, Americans began to seize Canadians who were hunting seals outside Alaskan territorial waters. The Americans claimed that the seals were American property because they often came in to the Alaskan shores owned by the United States. International arbitrators disagreed with this reasoning. In some cases, however, the special rights of a nation that makes use of an open-sea area are recognized.

All of the sea's rules of the road are established by international conferences and treaties.

The fundamental rule of the sea means that______.

A. the sea should be equally divided among all the nations in the world

B. any area of the sea belongs to the nation closest to it

C. no nation has any sea rights

D. no nation has exclusive right to the open sea

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第7题

Movies are the most popular form. of entertainment for millions of Americans. They go to t

he movies to escape their normal everyday existence and to experience a life more exciting than their own. They may choose to see a particular film because they like the actors or because they have heard the film has a good story. But the main reason why people go to the movies is to escape.

Sitting in a dark theater, watching the images on the screen, they enter another world that is real to them. They become involved in the lives of the characters in the movie, and for two hours, they forget all about their own problems. They are in a dream world where things often appear to be more romantic (浪漫的) and beautiful than in real life.

The biggest "dream factories" are in Hollywood, the capital of the film industry. Each year, Hollywood studios make hundreds of movies that are shown all over the world. American movies are popular because they tell stories and they are well-made. They provide the public with heroes who do things the average person would like to do but often can't. People have to cope with many problems and much trouble in real life, so they feel encouraged when they see the" good guys "win in the movies.

The Americans go to the movies mainly because they want______.

A．to enjoy a good story

B．to experience an exciting life

C．to see the actors and actresses

D．to escape their daily life

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第8题

Scientists discovered that atoms of some substances are radioactive. This means that they

are unstable and can be split. The chain of splitting atoms releases great destructive energy and it was this discovery which led scientists to develop the idea of an atomic bomb. The American government secretly worked to produce such a bomb and the first version was much more powerful than anyone had thought.

By this time, the World War II had ended in Europe. But the Japanese refused to surrender, the Americans decided that by dropping an atomic bomb on Japan, they could end the war quickly and save more of their soldier’s lives.

Soon after midnight on 6 August 1945, a bomb was dropped on the city of Hiroshima, a civilian target. No warning was given and there was total devastation. Almost all the buildings were destroyed and more than 100000 people died or were horribly wounded.

The Japanese military still did not want to surrender so three days later, the Americans dropped a second atomic bomb on the city of Nagasaki, killing 45000 people. The Japanese government was discussing ending the war when they heard the news of Nagasaki. Finally, they surrendered and the World War II came to an end.

At first, the scientists who had built the bomb were pleased that it had helped to end the war. However, many would come to realize that they had helped to create the most terrible weapon known to man.

The first atomic bomb ______.

A．was less powerful

B．was dropped in Nagasaki

C．was a failure

D．was tested in desert

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第9题

根据以下内容回答题：Conflict，like stress，is a natural phenomenon when people interact．Confl

根据以下内容回答题：

Conflict，like stress，is a natural phenomenon when people interact．Conflict in some form. is always present；however，it is not always negative．Conflict can be positive，for example，when you and your colleagues try to select the best pos．sible alternative to a problem．However， much more attention is given to the negative aspects of conflict． Conflict occurs when we fear the unknown．This can be very simple：someone says some-thing in a tone of voice different from our expectations，which raises questions in our mind as to what the real meaning might be．Of course conflict can，and does，occur in much more serious circumstances.Your ability to detect and understand conflict will place you in a better position to control the situation．Conflict is often categorized in three stages．Stage one is the day-to-day irritations that require minimal coping strategies．Stage one conflict is real but low in intensity．The inten-sity can increase if irritations increase and no solution iS found． Stage two is reached when the parties become competitive．Each person protects his serf-interest and fears loss of face．The win-lose attitude becomes integrated with the problem．Stage three is reached when the objective changes from wanting to win toward wanting to hurt the other party．This stage can be explosive because other people are drawn into the con-flict and sides are chosen．Problem solving is no longer a realistic method of resolution． By understanding the three stages of conflict，it will be easier for you to handle the day-to-day situations to which you are exposed．You will also be able to detect potential conflict be-tween others in which you do not want to get involved．

Conflict is__________ ．

A.paid attention to because it is negative

B.only positive when occurring between colleagues

C.universally present in human interactions

D.similar to stress in every aspect

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第10题

Mountain climbers around the world dream about going up Mountain Everest （珠穆朗玛峰) . It

Mountain climbers around the world dream about going up Mountain Everest (珠穆朗玛峰) . It is the highest mountain in the world. But many people who have climbed the mountain have left waste material that is harming the environment.

A team of Americans is planning the largest clean-up effort ever on Mountain Everest. They will make the risky trip up the mountain next month.

The team of eight Americans will be guided by more than twenty Sherpas of Nepal (尼泊尔夏尔巴人).Their goal is to remove all the trash they see. They will spend two months cleaning up the mountain by gathering oxygen bottles, fuel containers, batteries, drink cans, human waste and other kinds of trash. They are expected to remove at least three tons of trash in large bags.

Team leader Robert Hoffman is making his fourth trip up the mountain. He says he hopes to bring Everest to the condition it was in before the first successful climb fifty years ago. He says he hopes the effort will influence other people to clean up the environment closer home.

Human waste on Everest is a major concern. So the clean-up team will take along newly development equipment to collect and treat human waste. Over the years, the waste articles have polluted the mountain. In the warm season when the ice melts, the polluted water flows to Nepali villages below. The problem has gotten worse in recent years because climbing Everest has become more popular.

When those Americans are planning the trip up Mountain Everest, they are concerned about______.

A．the success in climbing up the mountain

B．the environment pollution of the mountain

C．the equipment for their trip to the mountain

D．the risks facing the mountain climbers

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第11题

Native Americans from the southeastern part of what is now the United States believed that

the universe in which they lived was made up of three separate, but related, worlds: the Upper World, the Lower World, and This World. In the last there lived humans, most animals, and all plants.

This World, a round island resting on the surface of waters, was suspended from the sky by four cords attached to the island at the four cardinal points of the compass. Lines drawn to connect the opposite points of the compass, from north to south and from east to west, intersected This World to divide it into four wedge-shaped segments. Thus a symbolic representation of the human world was a cross within a circle, the cross representing the intersecting lines and the circle the shape of This World.

Each segment of This World was identified by its own color. According to Cherokee doctrine, east was associated with the color red because it was the direction of the Sun, the greatest deity of all. Red was also the color of fire, believed to be directly connected with the Sun, with blood, and therefore with life. Finally, red was the color of success. The west was the Moon segment: it provided no warmth and was not life-giving as the Sun was. So its color was black, North was the direction of cold, and so its color was blue (sometimes purple), and it represented trouble and defeat. South was the direction of warmth, its color, white, was associated with peace and happiness.

The southeastern Native Americans' universe was one in which opposites were constantly at war with each other, red against black, blue against white. This World hovered somewhere between the perfect order and predictability of the Upper World and the total disorder and instability of the Lower World. The goal was to find some kind of halfway path or balance, between those other worlds.

Which of the following is the best title for the passage？

A．One Civilization's View of the Universe.

B．The Changing of the Seasons in the Southeast.

C．The Painting of Territorial Maps by Southeastern Native Americans.

D．The War Between Two Native American Civilizations.

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