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In the early decades of the United States. the agrarian movement promoted the farmer as s

In the early decades of the United States. the agrarian movement promoted the farmer

as society's hero. In the minds of agrarian thinkers and writers. the farmer was a person on whose

well-being the health of the new country depended. The period between the

Revolution, which ended in 1783,and the Civil War. which ended in 1865.was the age of

(5) the farmer in the United States. Agrarian philosophers. represented most eloquently by

Thomas Jefferson, celebrated farmers extravagantly for their supposed centrality in a good

society, their political virtue. and their Superior morality. And visually all policy makers, whether

they subscribed to the tenets of the philosophy held by Jefferson or not, recognized agriculture as

the key component of the American economy. Consequently, government at

(10)all levels worked to encourage farmers as a social group and agriculture as economic

enterprise.

Both the national and state governments developed transportation infrastructure, building

canals, roads, bridges, and railroads, deepening harbors, and removing obstructions from navigable

streams. The national government imported plant and animal varieties and

(15)launched exploring expeditions into prospective farmlands in the West. In addition,

government trade policies facilitated the exporting of agricultural products.

For their part. farmers seemed to meet the social expectations agrarian philosophers

had for them. as their broader horizons and greater self-respect, both products of the

Revolution were reflected to some degree in their behavior. Farmers seemed to become

(20)more scientific.joining agricultural societies and reading the farm newspapers that sprang

up throughout the country. They began using improved implements, tried new crops and

pure animal breeds, and became more receptive to modern theories of soil improvement.

They also responded to inducements by national and state governments. Farmers

streamed to the West. filling frontier lands with stunning rapidity. But farmers responded

(25)less to the expectations of agrarians and government inducements than to growing market

opportunities. European demand for food from the United States seemed insatiable. War,

industrialization, and urbanization all kept demand high in Europe. United States cities

and industries grew as well; even industries not directly related to farming thrived because

of the market, money. and labor that agriculture provided.

What does the passage mainly discuss？

A．The agrarian philosophy of Thomas Jefferson

B．The role of the national government in the development of agriculture

C．Improvements in farming techniques

D．The impact of the increased importance of the farmer

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更多“In the early decades of the Un…”相关的问题
第1题
Every few weeks, outside the movie theatre in practically any American town in the late 19
10s, stood the life-sized card-board figure of a small tramp (流浪汉) dressed【61】ragged, baggy pants, a cutaway coat and vest and a battered derby hat--【62】the words I AM HERE TODAY. An advertisement【63】a Charlie Chaplin film was a【64】of happiness, of that precious, almost shocking moment when art delivers【65】life cannot.

Eighty years【66】, Chaplin is still here. In a 1995 worldwide survey of film critics, Chaplin was voted【67】greatest actor in movie history. He was the first,【68】the last, person to control【69】aspect of the filmmaking process--【70】his own studio and producing, directing, writing, and editing the movies he starred in. In the first few decades of the 20th century,【71】weekly movie-going was the national【72】, Chaplin more or less helped【73】an industry into an art. In 1916, his【74】year in alms, his salary of ＄ 10,00 a week made him the highest-paid actor--【75】the highest paid person--in the world.【76】1920, the Chaplin craze, accompanied by a flood of Chaplin dances, songs, dolls, comic books and cocktails, was【77】everywhere. Filmmaker Mack Sennett thought【78】"just the greatest artist who ever lived". Other early admirers【79】George Bernard Shaw, Marcel Proust, and Sigmund Freud.【80】1981 to 1987, IBM used the Tramp as the logo (标志) to advertise its venture into personal computers.

(56)

A．for

B．in

C．by

D．with

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第2题
Much new knowledge is admittedly remote from the immediate interests of the ordinary man i
n the street. He is not intrigued or impressed by the fact that a noble gas like xenon can form. compounds—something that until recently most chemists swore was impossible. While even this knowledge may have an impact on him when it is embodied in new technology, until then, he can afford to ignore it. A good bit of new knowledge, on the other hand, is directly related to his immediate concerns, his job, his politics, his family life, even his sexual behavior.

A poignant is the dilemma that parents find themselves in today as a consequence of successive radical changes in the image of the child in society and in our theories of childrearing.

At the turn of the century in the United States, for example, the dominant theory reflected the prevailing scientific belief in the importance of heredity in determining behavior. Mothers who had never heard of Darwin or Spencer raised their babies in ways consistent with the world views of these thinkers. Vulgarized and simplified, passed from person to person, these world views were reflected in the conviction of millions of ordinary people that "bad children are a result of bad stock", that "crime is hereditary", etc.

In the early decades of the century, these attitudes fell back before the advance of environmentalism. The belief that environment shapes personality, and that the early years are the most important, created a new image of the child. The work of Watson and Pavlov began to creep into the public ken. Mothers reflected the new behaviorism, refusing to feed infants on demand, refusing to pick them up when they cried, weaning early to avoid prolonged dependency.

A study by Martha Wolfenstein has compared the advice offered parents in seven successive editions of INFANT CARE, a handbook issued by the United Stats Children's Bureau between 1914 and 1951. She found distinct shifts in the preferred methods for dealing with weaning and thumb-sucking. It is clear from this study that by the late thirties still another image of the child had gained ascendancy. Freudian concepts swept in like a wave and revolutionized childrearing practices. Suddenly, mothers began to hear about "the rights of infants" and the need for "oral gratification". Permissiveness became the order of the day.

The passage tells us that any new knowledge will have a powerful influence on ordinary people if ______.

A．it is simple and understandable

B．it is advocated by eminent persons

C．it has been put into practice and prove tree

D．it bas something to do with their immediate concerns

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第3题
During McDonald's early years French fries were made from scratch every day. Russet Burban
k potatoes were【C1】______, cut into shoestrings, and fried in its kitchens.【C2】______the chain expanded nationwide, in the mid-1960s, it sought to【C3】______labour costs, reduce the number of suppliers, and【C4】______that its fries tasted the same at every restaurant. McDonald's began【C5】______to frozen French fries in 1966—and few customers noticed the difference.【C6】______, the change had a profound effect【C7】______the nation's agriculture and diet. A familiar food had been transformed into a highly processed industrial【C8】______McDonald's fries now come from huge manufacturing plants【C9】______can process two million pounds of potatoes a day. The expansion【C10】______McDonald's and the popularity of its low-cost, mass-produced fries changed the way Americans eat.

The【C11】______of McDonald's French fries played a【C12】______role in the chain's success—fries are much more profitable than hamburgers—and was【C13】______praised by customers, competitors, and even food critics. Their【C14】______taste does not stem【C15】______the kind of potatoes that McDonald's【C16】______, the technology that processes them, or the restaurant equipment that fries them: other chains use Russet Burbank, buy their French fries from the【C17】______large processing companies, and have similar【C18】______in their restaurant kitchens. The taste of a French fry is【C19】______determined by the cooking oil. For decades McDonald's cooked its French fries in a mixture of about 7 per cent cottonseed oil and 93 per cent beef fat. The mixture gave the fries their unique【C20】______.

【C1】

A．scaled

B．stripped

C．peeled

D．sliced

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第4题
The （） liberation movement has become an important social movement （） much of the world
today.In the past few decades, it （） one of the most important social movements in the United States.Women have been fighting （） equal rights in the U.S.since （）.But it was really in the 1960s and 70s （） women began to gain equal rights and treatment in （） of politics, education, employment and the home.

As for the field of politics, today’s politicians are well （） that women have become a powerful （） in the country.One of the reasons （） this is （） there are about 70 million women of voting age.Voting age in the United States, （） some of you may already know, is eighteen.There are, in fact, 7 million more women of voting age than （） men of voting age in the U.S.Today, not only（） more women voting these days and （） the political structure of the country, （） more of them are becoming better educated.Today’s young American woman is more （） to be a college student than（） mother was.

Today, in the United States, there are at least 5 million women college graduates.（）, this is 2.3 million （） the number of American men with college degrees.But the number is growing each year.

1.A.womansB.womans’C.womens’D.women’s

2.A.throughoutB.throughC.in all over D.all over

3.A.becomesB.becameC.has become D.had become

4.A.againstB.with C.for D.toward

5.A.early the 1900sB.the early 1900s’C.early in 1900 D.early 1900s

6.A.when B.thatC.in whichD.in that

7.A.fieldsB.the fields C.some fieldsD.the research

8.A.aware B.aware ofC.aware about D.awared

9.A.populationB.forceC.party D.group

10.A.toB.inC.forD.beneath

11.A.becauseB.owing to C.where D.that

12.A.if B.as C.even D.just like

13.A.are thereB.there were C.there areD.there is

14.A.are there B.there are C.is there D.were there

15.A.influence B.influencing C.to influence D.influence

16.A.also but B.but too C.but D.also

17.A.likeB.alikeC.likely D.liked

18.A.hisB.theirC.her D.one’s

19.A.Be sure B.To be sure C.Being sure D.It is sure

20.A.fewer than B.less than C.much fewer thanD.much less than

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第5题
People in the United States in the nineteenth century were haunted by the prospect that un
precedented change in the nation's economy would bring social chaos. In the years following 1820, after several decades of relative stability, the economy entered a period of sustained and extremely rapid growth that continued to the end of the nineteenth century. Accompanying that growth was a structural change that featured increasing economic diversification and a gradual shift in the nation's labor force from agriculture to manufacturing and other nonagricultural pursuits.

Although the birth rate continued to, decline from its high level of the eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries, the population roughly doubled every generation during the rest of the nineteenth century. As the population grew, its makeup also changed. Massive waves of immigration brought new ethnic groups into the country. Geographic and social mobility—downward as well as upward—touched almost everyone. Local studies indicate that nearly three-quarters of the population in the North and South, in the emerging cities of the Northeast, and in the restless rural counties of the West changed their residence each decade. As a consequence, historian David Donald has written, "Social atomization affected every segment of society", and it seemed to many people that "all the recognized values of orderly civilization were gradually being eroded."

Rapid industrialization and increased geographic mobility in the nineteenth century had special implications for women because these changes tended to magnify social distinctions. As the roles men and women played in society became more rigidly defined, so did the roles they played in the home. In the context of extreme competitiveness and dizzying social change, the household lost many of its earlier functions and the home came to serve as a haven of tranquility and order. As the size of families decreased, the roles of husband and wife became more clearly differentiated than ever before. In the middle class especially, men participated in the productive economy while women ruled the home and served as the custodians of civility and culture. The intimacy of marriage that was common in earlier periods was rent, and a gulf that at times seemed unbridgeable was created between husbands and wives.

What does the passage mainly discuss？______

A．The economic development of the United States in the eighteenth century

B．Ways in which economic development led to social changes in the United States

C．Population growth in the western United States

D．The increasing availability of industrial jobs for women in the Unites States

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第6题
______ great was the destruction that the South took decades to recover.A．VeryB．TooC．SoD．S

______ great was the destruction that the South took decades to recover.

A．Very

B．Too

C．So

D．Such

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第7题
Logging was greatly reduced ______.A．in the northeastern United StatesB．on seven million a

Logging was greatly reduced ______.

A．in the northeastern United States

B．on seven million acres of public land

C．two decades ago

D．to save the barred owls

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第8题
His decades of effort began to__________ , for his new breed of rice had become m
ore popular.

A． pay off

B． call off

C． pull off

D． lay off

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第9题
Studies show that depression ______.A．is more common today than in the past decadesB．was m

Studies show that depression ______.

A．is more common today than in the past decades

B．was more common in the old generations

C．increased ten times in the days of our parents and grandparents

D．afflicts only young people

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第10题
Now elsewhere in the world, Iceland may be spoken of, somewhat breathlessly, as western Eu
rope's last pristine wildness. But the environmental awareness that is sweeping the world had bypassed the majority of Icelanders. Certainly they were connected to their land, the way one is complicatedly connected to, or encumbered by, family one can't do anything about. But the truth is, once you're off the beaten paths of the low-lying coastal areas where everyone lives, the roads are few, and they're all bad, so Iceland's natural wonders have been out of reach and unknown even to its own inhabitants. For them the land has always just been there, something that had to be dealt with and, if possible, exploited—the mind-set being one of land as commodity rather than land as, well, priceless art on the scale of the " Mona Lisa".

When the opportunity arose in 2003 for the national power company to enter into a 40-year contract with the American aluminum company Alcoa to supply hydroelectric power for a new smelter （冶炼厂）, those who had been dreaming of something like this for decades jumped at it and never looked back. Iceland may at the moment be one of the world's richest countries, with a 99 percent literacy rate and long life expectancy. But the project's advocates, some of them getting on in years, were more emotionally attuned to be the country's century upon century of want, hardship, and colonial servitude to Denmark, which officially ended only in 1944 and whose psychological imprint remained relatively fresh. For the longest time, life here had meant little more than a hut, dark all winter, cold, no hope, children dying left and right, earthquakes, plagues, starvation, volcanoes erupting and destroying all vegetation and livestock, all spirit— a world revolving almost entirely around the welfare of one's sheep and, later, on how good the cod catch was. In the outlying regions, it still largely does.

Ostensibly, the Alcoa project was intended to save one of these dying regions— the remote and sparsely populated east— where the way of life had steadily declined to a point of desperation and gloom. After fishing quotas were imposed in the early 1980s to protect fish stocks, many individual boat owners sold their allotments or gave them away, fishing rights ended up mostly in the hands of a few companies and small fishermen were virtually wiped out. Technological advances drained away even more jobs previously done by human hands, and the people were seeing everything they had worked for all their lives turn up worthless and their children move away. With the old way of life doomed, aluminum projects like this one had come to be perceived, wisely or not, as a last chance. "Smelter or death."

The contract with Alcoa would infuse the region with foreign capital, an estimated 400 jobs, and spin-off service industries. It also was a way for Iceland to develop expertise that potentially could be sold to the rest of the world; diversify an economy historically dependent on fish; and, in an appealing display of Icelandic can-do verse, perhaps even protect all of Iceland, once and for all, from the unpredictability of life itself.

" We have to live," Halldor Asgrimsson said. Halldor, a former prime minister and longtime member of parliament from the region, was a driving force behind the project. "We have a right to live. "

According to the passage, most Icelanders view land as something of______.

A．environmental value

B．commercial value

C．potential value for tourism

D．great value for livelihood

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第11题
A few decades ago, the world banking community invented new Electronic Funds Transfer （EFT

A few decades ago, the world banking community invented new Electronic Funds Transfer (EFT) systems to move money more efficiently across countries and around the globe. The【1】benefit of such systems was to【2】the float of capital that was unavailable for use【3】 checks were being cleared through banking【4】Today, we understand that the benefits of electronic banking are far more【5】than just reducing floating cash. The entire world of banking【6】revolutionized. It is【7】more efficient and faster, but also more global. And now【8】the Internet, EFT systems are increasingly【9】with the new world of e-commerce and e-trade.

【10】1997 and 2003, EFT value【11】from less than $50 trillion to nearly $400 trillion, more than the【12】economic product of all the countries and territories of the entire world. These statistics【13】should emphasize the true importance of transnational EFT. Satellite, wireless, and cable-based electronic fund transfers【14】the hub of global enterprise. Such electronic cash is【15】central to the idea of an emerging "worldwide mind". Without the satellite and fiber infrastructure to support the flow of electronic funds, the world economy would grind to a halt.

(1)

A．hiding

B．getting

C．driving

D．giving

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