Patients can差() the attending doctor in the network hospital to make an appointment
A.instruction
B.decision
C.psychologists
D.standardize
A.instruction
B.decision
C.psychologists
D.standardize
A.efficiency
B.communication
C.patients
D.appointment
A、bottom line
B、basic line
C、deadline
D、bottom up
After reading the story what can we infer about the hospital?
A.It is a children's hospital.
B.It has strict rules about visiting hours.
C.The nurses and doctors there don't work hard.
D.A lot of patients come to this hospital every day.
People 【B4】______ hobbies because these activities 【B5】______ enjoyment, knowledge and relaxation. Anyone can follow a satisfying hobby, 【B6】______ his age, position or income. Hobbies can help a person's 【B7】______ or physical health. Doctors have found that hobbies are valuable 【B8】______ helping patients 【B9】______ from illnesses. Hobbies can provide patients with interests that keep them 【B10】______ thinking about themselves. Many hospitals treat patients by having them 【B11】______ up interesting hobbies.
【B12】______ modern times, people were too busy 【B13】______ a living to have hobbies. But some people who had 【B14】______ did enjoy hobbies. They have had more time than 【B15】______ for hobbies since automation began to reduce the 【B16】______ time they spent 【B17】______ jobs. Hobbies provide 【B18】______ for workers who do the 【B19】______ tasks all day along. Those who have 【B20】______ hobbies never need to worry about what to do when they have leisure hours.
A.raise
B.feed
C.watch
D.hunt
Robots May Allow Surgery in Space
Small robots designed by University of Nebraska researchers may allow doctors on Earth to help perform. surgery on patients in space.
The tiny, wheeled robots, (51)are about 3 inches tall and as wide as a lipstick case, can be slipped into small incisions(切口)and computer-controlled by surgeons in different locations. Some robots are equipped(52)cameras and lights and can send images back to surgeons and others have surgical tools attached that can be(53)remotely.
“We think this is going to (54)open surgery, ”Dr Dmitry Oleynikov said at a news conference. Oleynikov is a (55)in computer-assisted surgery at the University of Nebraska Medical Center in Omaha.
Officials hope that NASA will teach(56)to use the robots soon enough so that surgeries could one day be performed in space.
On earth, the surgeons could control the robots themselves(57)other locations. For example, the robots could enable surgeons in other places to (58)on injured soldiers on the front line. Researchers plan tp seek federal regulatory(59)early nest year. Tests on animals have been successful, and tests on humans in England will begin very soon.
The camera-carrying robots can provide(60)of affected areas and the ones with surgical tools will be able to maneuver(操控)inside the body in ways surgeons' hands can't. The views from the camera-carrying robots are (61)than the naked eye, because they(62)back color images that are magnified(放大). Because several robots can be inserted through one incision, they could reduce the amount and (63)of cuts needed for surgery, which would decrease recovery time. This is particularly(64)to those patients who have been debilitated(使虚弱)by long illness.
Eventually, Oleynikov said, the tiny robots may enable surgeons to work without ever(65)their hands in patients' bodies. “That's the goal, ”Oleynikov said. “It's getting easier and easier. We can do even more with these devices. ”
A.since
B.when
C.which
D.as
A.the overtreatment for dying patients
B.the different attitude of doctor and patients toward death
C.the disproportionately high medicare expenditure in America
D.the unequal and non.transparent doctor—patient relationship
A.detected
B.caught
C.disclosed
D.revealed
Saying they can no longer ignore the rising prices of health care, some of the most influential medical groups in the nation are recommending that doctors weigh the costs, not just the effectiveness of treatment, as they make decisions about patient care.
The shift, little noticed outside the medical establishment but already controversial inside it, suggests that doctors are starting to redefine their roles, from being concerned exclusively about individual patients to exerting influence on how healthcare dollars are spent.
In practical terms, the new guidelines being developed could result in doctors choosing one drug over another for cost reasons or even deciding that a particular treatment-at the end of life, for example-is too expensive. In the extreme, some critics have said that making treatment decisions based on cost is a form. of rationing.
Traditionally, guidelines have heavily influenced the practice of medicine, and the latest ones are expected to make doctors more conscious of the economic consequences of their decisions, even though there's no obligation to follow them. Medical society guidelines are also used by insurance companies to help determine reimbursement(报销)policies.
Some doctors see a potential conflict in trying to be both providers of patient care and financial overseers.
"There should be forces in society who should be concerned about the budget, but they shouldn't be functioning simultaneously as doctors," said Dr. Martin Samuels at a Boston hospital. He said doctors risked losing the trust of patients if they told patients, "I'm not going to do what I think is best for you because I think it's bad for the healthcare budget in Massachusetts."
Doctors can face some grim trade-offs. Studies have shown, for example, that two drugs are about equally effective in treating macular degeneration, an eye disease. But one costs $50 a dose and the other close to $2,000. Medicare could save hundreds of millions of dollars a year if everyone used the cheaper drug. Avastin, instead of the costlier one, Lucentis.
But the Food and Drug Administration has not approved Avastin for use in the eye, and using it rather than the alternative, Lucentis, might carry an additional, although slight, safety risk. Should doctors consider Medicare's budget in deciding what to use?
"I think ethically(在道德层面上)we are just worried about the patient in front of us and not trying to save money for the insurance industry or society as a whole," said Dr. Donald Jensen.
Still, some analysts say that there's a role for doctors to play in cost analysis because not many others are doing so. "In some ways," said Dr. Daniel Sulmasy, "it represents a failure of wider society to take up the issue."
57.What do some most influential medical groups recommend doctors do?
A.Reflect on the responsibilities they are supposed to take.
B.Pay more attention to the effectiveness of their treatments.
C.Take costs into account when making treatment decisions.
D.Readjust their practice in view of the cuts in health care.
58.What were doctors mainly concerned about in the past?
A.Specific medicines to be used.
B.Professional advancement.
C.Effects of medical treatment.
D.Patients' trust.
59.What may the new guidelines being developed lead to?
A.The redefining of doctors' roles.
B.Conflicts between doctors and patients.
C.Overuse of less effective medicines.
D.The prolonging of patients' suffering.
60.What risk do doctors see in their dual role as patient care providers and financial overseers?
A.They may be involved in a conflict of interest.
B.They may be forced to divide their attention.
C.They may have to use less effective drugs.
D.They may lose the respect of patients.
61.What do some experts say about doctors' involvement in medical cost analysis?
A.It may add to doctors' already heavy workloads.
B.It will help to save money for society as a whole.
C.It results from society's failure to tackle the problem.
D.It raises doctors' awareness of their social responsibilities.
The home contains within a research unit which is mainly concerned with overcoming the technical problems which arise from the patient's physical disabilities. Full rehabilitation involves a need for a patient to be as independent as possible physically. It is in the research centre that all types of electronic equipment are pioneered, much of it exceedingly delicate and complex. One of the things I found astonishing as I watched what was going on in the workshop was the ease with which the patients became accustomed to the equipment. This of course has the dual effect of making them physically independent and giving them the psychological satisfaction of having mastered a difficult problem. And this extra confidence is, of course, a further step towards rehabilitation.
While I was there, I was fortunate enough to be able to talk to a couple of patients who had been fully rehabilitated and who had come back for the weekend to visit their friends. One, a former physical education teacher who suffered from paralysis from the waist down, was now teaching general studies in a primary school. After his accident, he told me, he had had a complete nervous breakdown and had indeed tried to commit suicide several times. "But when I got here, I realized that there were still some things I could do, and that there were people worse off than me who were out in the world doing them," he said," Yes, I expect I shall get depressions again. You can't completely cure that kind of thing. But they'll pull me out of it, at least I know that now."
The "home" in this text refers to ______.
A.the hospital
B.the refuge camp
C.the research centre
D.the place away from reality
How hard is it to get into one of the top medical schools, like for example the one at Yale University in Connecticut? Last year almost three thousand seven hundred students hoped to get accepted there. Only one hundred seventy-six -- or less than five percent -- were admitted.
People who want to become medical doctors often study large amounts of biology, chemistry and other science. Some students work for a year or two in a medical or research job before they try to get accepted to medical school.
Medical students spend their first two years in classroom study. They learn about the body and all of its systems. And they begin studying diseases -- how to recognize and treat them. By the third year, students guided by experienced doctors begin working with patients in hospitals. As the students watch and learn, they think about the kind of medicine they would like to practice as doctors. During the fourth year, students begin applying to hospital programs for the additional training they will need after medical school. Competition for a residency at a top hospital can be fierce.
A medical education can be very costly, especially at a private school. One year at a private medical college can cost forty thousand dollars or more. The average at a public medical school is more than fifteen thousand dollars. Most students have to take out loans to pay for medical school. Many finish their education heavily in debt.
Doctors are among the highest paid professionals in the United States. Specialists in big cities are generally the highest paid. But there are also doctors who earn considerably less, including those in poor communities.
(1)Which of the following ideas is NOT suggested in the passage?
A、It is hard to get into one of the top medical schools.
B、The United States has more than one hundred twenty medical colleges.
C、Medical students need two years' classroom study.
D、After graduating from medical schools, the students become doctors.
(2)How many years the medical students take to graduate from medical school?
A、2
B、3
C、4
D、1
(3)In what way many medical students pay for their medical education?
A、Have part-time jobs in hospitals.
B、Take out loans.
C、Their parents pay for it.
D、Work hard for the scholarship.
(4)What the medical students begin to do in their fourth year of study?
A、Looking for a job.
B、Working with patients in hospitals
C、Applying to hospital programs for the additional training.
D、Learning about the body and all of its systems
(5)_______ are generally the highest paid.
A、Specialists in big cities.
B、Experienced doctors.
C、Doctors in poor communities
D、Doctors who graduated from private medical schools.