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[主观题]

Sleep is part of a person's daily activity cycle. There are several different stages of sl

eep, and they too occur in cycles. If you are an average sleeper, your sleep cycle is as follows. When you first drift off into slumber, your eyes will roll about a bit, your temperature will drop, your muscles will relax, and your breathing will slow and become quite regular. Your brain waves slow down a bit, too, with the alpha rhythm of rather fast waves predominating for the first few minutes. This is called stage I sleep. For the next half hour or so, as you relax more and more, you will drift down through stage 2 and stage 3 sleep. The lower your stage of sleep, the slower your brain waves will be. Then, about 40 to 60 minutes after you lose consciousness, you will have reached the deepest sleep of all. Your brain waves will show the large slow waves that are known as the delta rhythm. This is stage 4 sleep.

You do not remain at this deep fourth stage all night along, but instead about 80 minutes after you fall into slumber, your brain activity level will increase again slightly. The delta rhythm will disappear, to be replaced by the activity pattern of brain waves. Your eyes will begin to dart around under your closed eyelids as if you were looking at something occurring in front of you. This period of rapid eye movement lasts for some 8 to 15 minutes and is called REM sleep. It is during REM sleep that most dreams seem to occur.

Provided that you do not wake up during the first REM sleep period, your body will soon relax again, your breathing will grow slow and regular once more, and you will slip gently back from stage 1 to stage 4 sleep — only to rise once again to the surface of near consciousness some 80 minutes later.

Which of the following does the passage mainly discuss？

A．Scientific methods of studying sleep.

B．Why humans require sleep.

C．The phases of sleep.

D．Why dreams occur during REM sleep.

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更多“Sleep is part of a person's da…”相关的问题

第1题

Which of the following is the main idea of the passage？ ________.A) Evolution has e

Which of the following is the main idea of the passage？ ________.

A) Evolution has equipped all creatures with a regular pattern of sleeping and waking.

B) The study of sleep is an important part of the evolutionary theory.

C) Sleeping patterns must be taken into consideration in the designing of robots.

D) The sleeping pattern of a living creature is determined by the food it eats.

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第2题

Have you ever felt your mind getting confused after a sleepless night? You couldn’t co

Have you ever felt your mind getting confused after a sleepless night？ You couldn’t come up with an original thought no matter how hard you tried.

You were probably right if you thought that was caused by a lack of sleep.Dr.Home, a sleep researcher in England, studied 24 college students.One group got their normal eight hours of sleep.The other group didn’t get the smallest amount of sleep — they stayed awake all night.The next day, Dr.Home tested the students.He asked them questions that required creative and original thinking.One of the questions was “How many uses can a cardboard box be put to？”

The results？ The wide-awake students did well on the tests.The tired students did poorly.

Research has already shown that tired people can do okay on tests of routine thinking, like simple addition.But Dr.Home tested creative thinking only.

As part of his study, he offered an amount of money as a reward to the sleepy students if they did well.But even this encouragement wasn’t enough to help the students overcome their tiredness.They still did poorly.Dr.Home believes that the cerebral cortex — the part of the brain where thinking takes place — may get worn out during waking hours.Sleep may help to repair the brain overnight.Without any sleep, he emphasizes, “even if you concentrate harder, you cannot do better.”

This study gives people something to think about, especially people like hospital workers and airline pilots, who must stay awake all night and then make emergency decisions.

36.According to the passage, the confusion of your mind is possibly due to _____.

A.the lack of sleep

B.the difficult question

C.the requirement of your creative thinking

D.the requirement of your original thinking

37.Tired people can do everything EXCEPT_____.

A.doing simple addition

B.doing okay on tests of routine thinking

C.answering the creative question well

D.telling other people their names

38.The purpose for Dr.Home to offer a lot of money to the sleepy students is to _____.

A.help them repair their brains

B.stimulate their interests of the question

C.buy some medicine which can make them exciting

D.encourage them to do better

39.Who might be better instructed in their work after reading this passage？

A.Children.

B.Nurses.

C.Students.

D.Businessmen.

40.We can learn from the passage that _____.

A.a foolish man with good sleep may answer creative question well

B.a pilot should fly the aircraft after having good sleep

C.enough sleep is good for your emergency decisions

D.both B and C

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第3题

A dream is one kind of experience.It seems as real as something that actually happens;

in it the dreamer takes actions and reacts.During dreams the body is asleep but the thinking part of the brain is wide awake.In fact, it is more active than it sometimes is when the body is awake.

One group of researchers decided to see what would happen if they stopped people from dreaming.As soon as the electroencephalograph (脑电图仪) registered a dream pattern, researchers woke the dreamer.They did this all night for several nights, every time the person started to dream.

The experiment revealed that people who were unable to dream became nervous, easily upset, and hungrier.As soon as they were able to sleep without interruptions they lost their nervousness and became normal again; however, they then had more dreams than usual.It was as if they were catching up on their dreams.

To check these findings, the researchers carried on a control experiment.Again they woke people during the night, but during non-dreaming periods.These people did not change their daytime behavior.And when they were allowed to sleep without interruptions (打断), the number of their dreams did not increase.

Experiments like these have caused scientists to ask if dreams serve a purpose.Researchers know, for example, that some people who go for days without sleep will suffer from hallucinations (幻觉).Certain people even begin to show signs of mental illness.Some researchers believe that people become this way because they cannot have their usual numbers of dreams.According to this theory dreaming helps people to lead normal lives.

1).This passage is mainly about ________.

A.people’s need for dreams

B.the damage dreams do to people’s health

C.dreams and realities

D.the relationship between dreams and diseases

2).According to the passage, dreams ________ .

A.are considered to be people’s real experiences

B.help cure people of nervousness and mental illness

C.happen in the thinking part of the brain

D.cannot go on as before after the dreamer is woken

3).People who slept with interrupted dreams showed signs of the following sufferings EXCEPT________ .

A.nervousness

B.anxiety

C.hunger

D.sleepiness

4).When people were woken during non-dreaming periods, they ________.

A.suffered from hallucinations

B.felt upset and nervous

C.had more dreams than usual

D.remained normal in their daytime behavior

5).The sentence “It was as if they were catching up on their dreams” in Para.3 probably means ________.

A.they seemed to do as their dreams dad told them to

B.they seemed to make up for the losses of dreams

C.they seemed to dream less because of the interruptions

D.they seemed to sleep more after the interruptions

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第4题

Is that 6 a.m. wokeout getting in the way of good sleep？ Don't think your fat cell

s won't notice. A new study published in The Annals of Internal Medicine (a medical journal) finds that inadequate shut-eye has a harmful effect on fat cells, reducing their ability to respond to insulin (胰岛素) by about 30 percent. Over the long-term, this decreased response could set the stage for type-2 diabetes (a medical condition in which someone has too much sugar in his or her blood), fatty liver disease and weight gain.

The study adds to a growing body of evidence that there' “an intimate relationship between the amount of sleep we get and our ability to maintain a good, healthy body weight,” says sleep expert Helene Emsellem, director of the Center for Sleep and Wake Disorders in Chevy Chase, Maryland. But Americans don't seem to be getting the message that we need seven to nine hours par night. More than 1 in 5 of us, according to a report from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, is getting six or fewer hours of sleep per night, on average.

So how did researchers study fat cells in the Annals paper？ Matthew Brady of the University of Chicago and a group of colleagues selected and persuaded seven volunteers to take part in the research project. They were all young, thin and healthy and agreed to sleep for eight nights in a sleep lab. “For four nights they were allowed to stay in bed for 8.5 hours a night,” says Brady. Then, a month later, they came back for four additional nights——but this time they were allowed just 4.5 hours of sleep per night. And after each visit, researchers got a sample of their fat. Brady explains that the fat cells responded significantly to the loss of sleep. “I was very surprised to be honest,” he says.

Bad things can happen when fat cells become less responsive to insulin. “Fat cells are actually your friend,” he says. “They're there to store lipids (血脂).” When lipids stay inside the cells, your body can utilize the fat when you're exercising or sleeping or going about your day. “However, when fat cells stare to become insulin resistant, the lipids star to leach out of the fat cells and rise in the bloodstream,” Brady says.

1. According to the passage, lack of sleep for a long while can probably lead to all of the following EXCEPT {A; B; C}.

A. heart disease

B. weight gain

C. diabetes

2. The main idea of the third paragraph is {A; B; C}.

A. how to write a medical research paper

B. how to avoid sleep loss

C. how the research was conducted

3. What does the “leach” in the last paragraph probably mean？{A; B; C}

A. Leap.

B. Lead.

C. Leak.

4. Which of the following is NOT TRUE according to the passage？{A; B; C}

A. We will be in trouble if our fat cells become less responsive to insulin.

B. More and more studies are done to study the link between sleep and weight.

C. More than 20% of Americans are not getting enough sleep.

5. Which of the following is an appropriate title for this passage？{A; B; C}

A. Poor Sleep May Lead to Too Much Stored Fat and Disease

B. Sleep Experts Had Exciting Findings in a Fat Study

C. Americans Should Have More Than Six Hours of Sleep

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第5题

Text 3 Of all the components of a good night’s sleep, dreams seem to be least within our

Text 3

Of all the components of a good night’s sleep, dreams seem to be least within our control. In dreams, a window opens into a world where logic is suspended and dead people speak. A century ago, Freud formulated his revolutionary theory that dreams were the disguised shadows of our unconscious desires and fears; by the late 1970s, neurologists had switched to thinking of them as just “mental noise” -- the random byproducts of the neural-repair work that goes on during sleep. Now researchers suspect that dreams are part of the mind’s emotional thermostat, regulating moods while the brain is “off-line.” And one leading authority says that these intensely powerful mental events can be not only harnessed but actually brought under conscious control, to help us sleep and feel better, “It’s your dream,” says Rosalind Cartwright, chair of psychology at Chicago’s Medical Center. “If you don’t like it, change it.”

Evidence from brain imaging supports this view. The brain is as active during REM (rapid eye movement) sleep -- when most vivid dreams occur -- as it is when fully awake, says Dr, Eric Nofzinger at the University of Pittsburgh. But not all parts of the brain are equally involved; the limbic system (the “emotional brain”) is especially active, while the prefrontal cortex (the center of intellect and reasoning) is relatively quiet. “We wake up from dreams happy or depressed, and those feelings can stay with us all day.” says Stanford sleep researcher Dr. William Dement.

The link between dreams and emotions show up among the patients in Cartwright’s clinic. Most people seem to have more bad dreams early in the night, progressing toward happier ones before awakening, suggesting that they are working through negative feelings generated during the day. Because our conscious mind is occupied with daily life we don’t always think about the emotional significance of the day’s events -- until, it appears, we begin to dream.

And this process need not be left to the unconscious. Cartwright believes one can exercise conscious control over recurring bad dreams. As soon as you awaken, identify what is upsetting about the dream. Visualize how you would like it to end instead; the next time is occurs, try to wake up just enough to control its course. With much practice people can learn to, literally, do it in their sleep.

At the end of the day, there’s probably little reason to pay attention to our dreams at all unless they keep us from sleeping or “we waken up in a panic,” Cartwright says. Terrorism, economic uncertainties and general feelings of insecurity have increased people’s anxiety. Those suffering from persistent nightmares should seek help from a therapist. For the rest of us, the brain has its ways of working through bad feelings. Sleep -- or rather dream -- on it and you’ll feel better in the morning.

31. Researchers have come to believe that dreams ________.

[A] can be modified in their courses

[B] are susceptible to emotional changes

[C] reflect our innermost desires and fears

[D] are a random outcome of neural repairs

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第6题

The following is a list of medical terms. After reading it, you are required to find t

he items equivalent to (与…相同的) those given in Chinese in the table below. Then you should put the corresponding letters in the brackets on the Answer Sheet, numbered 36 through 40.

A—physical check-up

B--biological clock

C—pulse rate

D一high blood pressure

E—sleep habits

F—over-the-counter(OTC)medicine

G—side effect

H—personality test

I—operating room

J—sense of well-being

K—face-lift

L—compulsive over-eating

M—stress self-test

N—plastic surgeon

O—heart beat.

P—behavior. therapy

Q—terminal stage

Examples： (K)面部整容 (N)整形外科医牛

36.()心跳()非处方药

37.()手术室()强迫性过度饮食

38.()副作用()生物钟

39.()高血压()脉搏率

40.()睡眠习惯 ()体检

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第7题

根据以下内容回答题：Nowadays there are more and more ways，of going on holiday．More and more

people go abroad every year．Some people even go on two or three holidays a year． There are two types of holiday-makers．The first kind always flocks to seaside resorts when they go on holiday．Their one and only aim is to have a good time by sun-bathing and putting their feet up．They are not a bit interested in local specialities．At mealtimes，if they can get a plate of British“fish and chips”，they’re more than happy!They spend their days in the sun-shine and their evenings getting drunk．and then sleep soundly．If this sort of person forgets to pack the suntan oil，he or she will undoubtedly come home as red as a lobster． The other type of holiday—makers goes to every country to increase their knowledge of for-eign lands．They make use of the chance to travel to improve their world knowledge．For them，going on holiday is educational．Consequently，this sort of travelers will move from p!ace to place every few days．If they visit lots of places in a short span of time，there is no way that they can get a proper feel of a place or fully appreciate the local food and wine． Whichever type of holiday chosen，everybody has the same aim：to put their work to the back of their minds，have as much fun as possible and come home happy and relaxed．

The aim of the first type of holiday-makers is__________ ．

A.to enjoy themselves

B.to enjoy good food

C.to have a good sleep

D.to get drunk

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第8题

听力原文：Rhythm in literature is a more or less regular occurrence of certain elements of

听力原文： Rhythm in literature is a more or less regular occurrence of certain elements of writing: a word, a phrase, an idea, a pause, a sound, or a grammatical construction. We are also accustomed to this recurrence in the alternate heavy and light beats in music. Our love for rhythm seems to be innate; witness the response of a small child to a lively music. Children love to beat on toy drums or empty boxes. They stamp their feet and chant nursery rhythms or nonsense syllables, just like primitive dancers. As children grow older, they are taught to restrain their responses to rhythm, but our love of rhythm remains. We live in rhythms; in fact we are governed by rhythms.

Physiologically, we are rhythmical. We must eat, sleep, breathe, and play regularly to maintain good health. Emotionally, we are rhythmical, too, for psychologists say that all of us feel alternate periods of being in high spirits or concentration. It usually follows that rhythm, a fundamental aspect of our lives, must be a part of any good literature works, whether poetry or prose.

Q. 15. What is rhythm in literature according to the passage？

Q. 16.What is the difference between a child's response to music and an adult's response to music？

Q. 17. Which of the following statements is NOT made in the passage？

Q. 18. What is the passage mainly about？

(35)

A．A special use of words.

B．The arrangement of ideas.

C．The regular occurrence of certain elements of writing.

D．The exploration of sound effects.

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第9题

The homeless make up a growing percentage of America’s population. __1__ homelessness has

reached such proportions that local government can’t possibly __2__. To help homeless people __3__ independence, the federal government must support job training programs, __4__ the minimum wage, and fund more low-cost housing.

__5__ everyone agrees on the numbers of Americans who are homeless. Estimates __6__ anywhere from 600,000 to 3 million. __7__ the figure may vary, analysts do agree on another matter: that the number of the homeless is __8__. One of the federal government’s studies __9__ that the number of the homeless will reach nearly 19 million by the end of this decade.

Finding ways to __10__ this growing homeless population has become increasingly difficult. __11__ when homeless individuals manage to find a __12__ that will give them three meals a day and a place to sleep at night, a good number still spend the bulk of each day __13__ the street. Part of the problem is that many homeless adults are addicted to alcohol or drugs. And a significant number of the homeless have serious mental disorders. Many others, __14__ not addicted or mentally ill, simply lack the everyday __15__ skills need to turn their lives __16__. Boston Globe reporter Chris Reidy notes that the situation will improve only when there are __17__ programs that address the many needs of the homeless. __18__ Edward Blotkowsk, director of community service at Bentley College in Massachusetts, __19__ it, “There has to be __20__ of programs. What we need is a package deal.”

1.___________

[A] Indeed

[B] Likewise

[C] Therefore

[D] Furthermore

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第10题

Researchers have recently found a connection between disease and stressful situations. To

test this theory, psychologists are trying to find a link between the brain and the immune system.

The immune system in our bodies fights the bacteria and viruses which cause disease. There- fore, whether or not we are likely to get various diseases depends on how well our immune system works. Biologists used to think that the immune system was a separate, independent part of our bodies. Recently, however, they have found that our brain can affect our immune system. This discovery indicates that there may be a connection between emotional factors, such as stress or depression, and illness.

Although many doctors in the past suspected a connection between emotional factor and disease, they had no proof. Scientists have only recently discovered how the brain and the immune sys- tem function. Before this, no one could see a link between them. As a result, medical science never seriously considered the idea that psychological factors could cause disease.

Several recent studies showed a connection between stress and illness, for example, researchers went to an American military school to study the students. They found that the sick students there had a lot of academic pressure and wanted to achieve, but they were not very good students. In a similar study, researchers studied a group of student nurses and found that the nurses who developed cold sores were the ones who described themselves as generally unhappy people.

In addition to these results, which support their theory, researchers are also looking for proof that stress can damage the immune system. Researchers studied recently bereaved people, i. e. , people whose loved ones have just died, because they are more likely to become ill or die. By examining the immune system of recently bereaved people, the researchers made an important discovery. They examined some white blood cells which are an important part of the immune system. They were not functioning properly. The fact that they were not working correctly indicates that severe psycho- logical stress, such as a loved one's death, may damage an important part of our immune system.

There is still no positive proof of a connection between the immune system and psychological factors. Researchers also say that the results of the studies on bereaved people could have a different explanation. For example, bereaved people often sleep and eat less than normal, or may drink alcohol or take medication. These factors can also affect the immune system. More research is needed to clearly establish the connection between the immune system and psychological factors.

The study on the military school students indicated that ______.

A．life in the school was very stressful

B．disease could be caused by psychological factors

C．the good students were likely to fall ill

D．stress often made students unhappy

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第11题

Not many years ago, a wealthy and rather strange old man named Johnson lived alone in a vi

llage in the south of England. He had made a lot of money in trading with foreign countries. When he was seventy-five，he gave ￡1200 to the village school to buy land and equipment for a children’s playground.

As a result of his kindness, many people came to visit him. Among them was a newspaperman. During their talk,Johnson remarked that he was seventy-five and expected to live to be a hundred.

The newspaperman asked him how he managed to be healthy at seventy-five. Johnson had a sense of humour (幽默).He liked whisky (威士忌酒)and drank some each day. “I have an injection(注射)in my neck each evening,”he told the newspaperman,thinking of his evening glass of whisky.

The newspaperman did not understand what Johnson meant. In his newspaper he reported that Johnson was seventy-five and had a daily injection in his neck. Within a week Johnson received thousands of letters from all over Britain, asking him for the secret of his daily injection.

____The gift of money to the school suggests that Johnson .

A.had no children

B.was a strange man

C.was very fond of children

D.wanted people to know how rich he was

Many people wrote to Johnson to find out____.A.what kind of whisky he had

B.how to live longer

C.how to become wealthy

D.in which part of the neck to have an injection

The newspaperman____.A.should have reported what Johnson had told him

B.shouldn’ t have asked Johnson what injection he had

C.was eager to live a long life

D.should have found out what Johnson really meant

When Johnson said he had an injection in his neck each evening, he really meant that____.A.he drank a glass of whisky in the evening

B.he needed an injection in the neck

C.a daily injection in the evening would make him sleep well

D.there was something wrong with his neck

请帮忙给出每个问题的正确答案和分析，谢谢！

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